A multi-acid polymer has a multi-acid monomer with the following formula:

##STR00001##

wherein R is one or more units of a non-SOF.sub.2 or non-SO.sub.2Cl portion of a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form. Another multi-acid polymer has a multi-acid monomer with the following formula:

##STR00002##

wherein R is one or more units of a non-SOF.sub.2 or non-SO.sub.2Cl portion of a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form.

A method of making a multi-acid polymer comprising: reacting a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form with anhydrous ammonia to obtain a sulfonamide, wherein the polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form has a formula RSO.sub.2F or RSO.sub.2Cl, respectively, with R being one of more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, and wherein the sulfonamide has a formula RSO.sub.2NH.sub.2; and reacting the sulfonamide with a compound of a formula COOHX-AGG under a mild base condition, wherein X is one of C.sub.6H.sub.3 or N(CH.sub.2).sub.3 and AGG is an acid giving group, to form the multi-acid polymer having an imide base and more than two proton conducting groups.

A blend or blend membrane formed from a hydroxymethylene-oligo-phosphonic acid R-C(P0.sub.3H.sub.2).sub.x(OH).sub.y and a polymer, in which the radical R is any organic radical, x and y are integers, the hydroxymethylene-oligo-phosphonic acid is a product of a reaction involving a carbonic acid, a carbonic acid halide or a carbonic acid anhydride, and the polymer includes a functional group selected from the group consisting of (i) suitable cation exchange groups or their non-ionic precursor and (ii) suitable basic groups.

A hydrogel that exhibits excellent water absorbency even when dried, and has flexibility, shape stability, and shape retention properties, and a method for producing the hydrogel. A hydrogel comprising a water-soluble organic polymer, a silicate, a dispersant for the silicate, and a water-absorbing polymer. A method for producing a hydrogel including a formation step of forming a hydrogel comprising a water-soluble organic polymer, a silicate, a dispersant for the silicate, a water-absorbing polymer, and at least one solvent selected from the group having water and a water-soluble organic solvent, and as an optical step, a solvent removal step of removing a portion of the solvent in the hydrogel.

A polymer consisting of a regio-regular polymer backbone basing on asymmetric fluorine-substituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units (FBT) having a Formula 1MP0: ##STR00001##
where. R1 is any alkyl group of 1-30 carbons; R2 is any alkyl group of 1-30 carbons; n is any number greater than 6; D is an aryl moiety.

A conductive polymer composite includes (A) a -conjugated polymer and (B) a dopant polymer which contains a repeating unit a which is shown by the following general formula (1) having weight-average molecular weight thereof in the range of 1,000 to 500,000, ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents a single bond, an ester group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may optionally contain any one of an ether group and an ester group or both; Z represents a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or an ester group; and a is in the range of 0<a1.0. There can be provided a conductive polymer composite which has excellent filterability and film-formability by spin coating, and also can form a conductive film having high transparency and excellent flatness when the film is formed with the composite.

A polymer consisting of a regio-regular polymer backbone basing on asymmetric fluorine-substituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units (FBT) having a Formula 1MP0:

##STR00001##

where. R1 is any alkyl group of 1-30 carbons; R2 is any alkyl group of 1-30 carbons: n is any number greater than 6; D is an aryl moiety.

The present application relates to a self-healing, electrically conducting elastomer, comprising an electrically conducting phase comprising PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils, and an electrically insulating phase comprising a polyborosiloxane-based polymer. The present application also related to a method for manufacturing the self-healing, electrically conducting elastomer.

Ion exchange membranes obtainable by curing a composition comprising: (a) a monomer comprising an aromatic group and at least one polymerisable ethylenically unsaturated group; (b) a photoinitiator which has an absorption maximum at a wavelength longer than 380 nm when measured in one or more of the following solvents at a temperature of 23 C.: water, ethanol and toluene; and (c) at least one co-initiator.

In one embodiment, a mixture includes a polyfunctional monomer having at least one functional group amenable to polymerization, a porogen, and a polymerization initiator. In another embodiment, a product includes a porous three-dimensional structure formed by additive manufacturing, where the porous three-dimensional structure has ligaments arranged in a geometric pattern, the ligaments defining pores therebetween. The pores have an average diameter greater than about 10 microns, where an average length scale of the ligaments is greater than 100 nanometers. The ligaments are nanoporous, where at least 80% of a volume measured according to outer dimensions of the porous three-dimensional structure corresponds to the pores.