Methods to improve dewatering in industrial and municipal sludges are described. One method involves admixing sludge from a papermaking process and modified cellulose to provide modified sludge with the modified cellulose present in an effective amount to improve dewatering in the treated sludge, such as in allowing use of reduced amounts of coagulant and/or reducing dewatering times, increased dewatered volumes, and reduced sludge product moisture contents, and the like. The dewatered sludge may be formed into a dried particulate, and may be used as filler or other component of concrete, rubber, asphalt, plastics, resin-wood composite products, and other composite products.

Methods to improve dewatering in industrial and municipal sludges are described. One method involves admixing sludge from a papermaking process and modified cellulose to provide modified sludge with the modified cellulose present in an effective amount to improve dewatering in the treated sludge, such as in allowing use of reduced amounts of coagulant and/or reducing dewatering times, increased dewatered volumes, and reduced sludge product moisture contents, and the like. The dewatered sludge may be formed into a dried particulate, and may be used as filler or other component of concrete, rubber, asphalt, plastics, resin-wood composite products, and other composite products.

A tear resistant multilayer film including a stack of polymeric layers that includes first and second layer types. Layers of the first layer type includes a first polymer and the layers of the second layer type includes a second polymer. The first polymer is polyethylene terephthalate or a first ester block copolymer that includes polyethylene terephthalate blocks at a weight percent of the first ester block copolymer of at least 50 percent and further includes glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate blocks. The second polymer is sebacic acid-substituted polyethylene terephthalate or a second ester block copolymer that includes sebacic acid-substituted polyethylene terephthalate blocks at a weight percent of the second ester block copolymer of at least 50 percent and further includes polyethylene terephthalate blocks or glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate blocks. The tear resistant multilayer film includes a total of 8 to 300 layers of the first and second layer types.

A tear resistant multilayer film including a stack of polymeric layers that includes first and second layer types. Layers of the first layer type includes a first polymer and the layers of the second layer type includes a second polymer. The first polymer is polyethylene terephthalate or a first ester block copolymer that includes polyethylene terephthalate blocks at a weight percent of the first ester block copolymer of at least 50 percent and further includes glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate blocks. The second polymer is sebacic acid-substituted polyethylene terephthalate or a second ester block copolymer that includes sebacic acid-substituted polyethylene terephthalate blocks at a weight percent of the second ester block copolymer of at least 50 percent and further includes polyethylene terephthalate blocks or glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate blocks. The tear resistant multilayer film includes a total of 8 to 300 layers of the first and second layer types.

[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a cellulose composite whereby the cellulose composite itself disperses stably even when ions are blended in a high concentration in a beverage, and also has excellent suspension stability. [Solution] A cellulose composite comprising cellulose, an anionic polysaccharide not having a chemically crosslinked structure, and water-absorbent particles comprising a compound having a chemically crosslinked structure wherein the cellulose composite has a viscosity of 10 mPa.Math.s or higher when 1 mass % of the cellulose composite is dispersed in an aqueous solution in which 0.45 g of sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in 100 mL of pure water.

[Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing a cellulose composite whereby the cellulose composite itself disperses stably even when ions are blended in a high concentration in a beverage, and also has excellent suspension stability. [Solution] A cellulose composite comprising cellulose, an anionic polysaccharide not having a chemically crosslinked structure, and water-absorbent particles comprising a compound having a chemically crosslinked structure wherein the cellulose composite has a viscosity of 10 mPa.Math.s or higher when 1 mass % of the cellulose composite is dispersed in an aqueous solution in which 0.45 g of sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in 100 mL of pure water.

The invention provides compositions for the inhibition of bacterial adhesion. The composition can include nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and a water-soluble polymer, which form an NCC hydrogel in water. The NCC hydrogel can be used to treat or coat devices such as a catheter, whereby the NCC hydrogel inhibits bacterial adhesion to the catheter surface to thereby inhibit biofilm formation and growth of bacteria on the catheter surface. The compositions and devices can thus be useful for inhibiting or preventing conditions such as urinary tract infections.

The invention provides compositions for the inhibition of bacterial adhesion. The composition can include nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and a water-soluble polymer, which form an NCC hydrogel in water. The NCC hydrogel can be used to treat or coat devices such as a catheter, whereby the NCC hydrogel inhibits bacterial adhesion to the catheter surface to thereby inhibit biofilm formation and growth of bacteria on the catheter surface. The compositions and devices can thus be useful for inhibiting or preventing conditions such as urinary tract infections.

A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.

A process for preparing amides by reacting a primary amine and a primary alcohol in the presence of a Ruthenium complex to generate the amide and molecular hydrogen. Primary amines are directly acylated by equimolar amounts of alcohols to produce amides and molecular hydrogen (the only byproduct) in high yields and high turnover numbers. Also disclosed are processes for hydrogenation of amides to alcohols and amines; hydrogenation of organic carbonates to alcohols; hydrogenation of carbamates or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; amidation of esters; acylation of alcohols using esters; coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; dehydrogenation of beta-amino alcohols to form pyrazines and cyclic dipeptides; and dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones. These reactions are catalyzed by a Ruthenium complex which is based on a dearomatized PNN-type ligand of formula A1 or precursors thereof of formulae A2 or A3.