The present disclosure provides a method of purifying polysaccharides from a cell lysate, comprising partially purifying the cell lysate comprising an impurity and a polysaccharide to obtain a clarified cmde lysate; mixing the clarified crude lysate with a neutralization solution comprising a salt to form a neutralized lysate; mixing the neutralized lysate with a precipitation solution comprising cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to form a first supernatant and a first precipitate; and separating the first precipitate from the first supernatant, wherein the polysaccharide is located in the first supernatant. The present disclosure further provides a method of making a polysaccharide vaccine. Also provided are vaccines, delivery systems, compositions and polysaccharides made by the methods described herein.

A compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II):

##STR00001##

or a mixture thereof,

in which R is —H; —CH.sub.3; —CH—(CH.sub.3).sub.2; —CH.sub.2—CH—(CH.sub.3).sub.2; —CH—(CH.sub.3)—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.3; —CH.sub.2—(C.sub.6H.sub.5); —CH.sub.2—(3-indole); —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—S—CH.sub.3; —CH.sub.2—OH; —CH—(CH.sub.3)—OH; —CH.sub.2—SH; —CH.sub.2-(p-C.sub.6H.sub.40H); —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH.sub.2; —CH.sub.2—CO—NH.sub.2; —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CO—NH.sub.2; —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—COOH; —CH.sub.2—COOH; or —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH—C═NH.sub.2(NH.sub.2);

and X is a suitable non-interfering anion, a process for making the compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II), and a process for reacting the compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II) or a mixture thereof with a (poly)saccharide to form a cationized (poly)saccharide.

The disclosure provides methods for producing plant-based compositions. The plant-based composition comprises a mixture comprising mucilage derived from Opuntia ficus-indica and polyurethane, wherein the mixture comprises at least about 50 wt % of polyurethane. The plant-based composition further comprises a textile support coupled to the mixture, wherein at least a portion of the textile support is saturated by the mixture.

Amine-functionalized saccharide polymers, including oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, may be effective for promoting clay stabilization in subterranean formations. Oxidative synthesis of amine-functionalized saccharide polymers using sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate as an oxidation reagent may afford a different distribution and type of sites of oxidative opening as compared to other types of oxidation reagents. Amine-functionalized saccharide polymers may be prepared by exposing a saccharide polymer comprising a trans-vicinal diol to an oxidation reagent comprising sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate, reacting the trans-vicinal diol to form a site of oxidative opening bearing at least one aldehyde, exposing the at least one aldehyde to an amine to form an imine intermediate at the site of oxidative opening, and reducing the imine intermediate into a secondary or tertiary amine at the site of oxidative opening.

A fertilizer coating providing effective dust control and caking reduction properties while maintaining organic farming standards. The coating may comprise a combination of highly saturated triglycerides, such as palm stearin, and plant-based oil and/or lecithin, such as soybean oil and/or soy lecithin. The coating may further comprise gum derived from plants, such as fenugreek gum.

A fertilizer coating providing effective dust control and caking reduction properties while maintaining organic farming standards. The coating may comprise a combination of highly saturated triglycerides, such as palm stearin, and plant-based oil and/or lecithin, such as soybean oil and/or soy lecithin. The coating may further comprise gum derived from plants, such as fenugreek gum.

Provided herein is a method for extracting polysaccharides, for example, β-glucan and sodium alginate, from a sample including a botanical product. The extraction can be carried out using a microwave assisted dual-solvent extraction followed by one or more membrane filtration steps.

The present invention provides methods for preparing the nut waste pot composites from a nut waste component, one or more binders, and an oil using a compounder/extruder.

The present invention provides methods for preparing the nut waste pot composites from a nut waste component, one or more binders, and an oil using a compounder/extruder.

Urinary catheters and methods for preventing bacterial infections.