A photopolymerizable material contains, as a main polymerization component, a bicarbazole compound represented by structural formula (1). ##STR00001## In structural formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom.

Provided are compositions and methods that are useful for clarifying water, reducing turbidity of water, and removing salts from water. The compositions comprise (a) an anionic flocculant comprising at least one of an alkali swellable emulsion (ASE) or hydrophobically-modified alkali swellable emulsion (HASE), and (b) a cationic flocculant comprising (i) an aluminum-containing compound, and (ii) a copolymer of acrylamide and a cationic monomer comprising at least one of a diallyldialkylammonium quaternary compound, acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium quaternary compound, methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium quaternary compound, and mixtures thereof.

Provided are compositions and methods that are useful for clarifying water, reducing turbidity of water, and removing salts from water. The compositions comprise (a) an anionic flocculant comprising at least one of an alkali swellable emulsion (ASE) or hydrophobically-modified alkali swellable emulsion (HASE), and (b) a cationic flocculant comprising (i) an aluminum-containing compound, and (ii) a copolymer of acrylamide and a cationic monomer comprising at least one of a diallyldialkylammonium quaternary compound, acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium quaternary compound, methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium quaternary compound, and mixtures thereof.

An antistatic polyester film includes a self-supporting polyester substrate film bearing on at least one surface thereof an antistatic layer including a) one or more antistatic polymers comprising repeat units according to formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 is an alkylene group having a carbon number in a range from 2 to 10, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon number in a range from 1 to 5, R.sup.6 is an alkylene group having a carbon number in a range from 2 to 5, n is an integer in a range from 0 to 40, m is an integer in a range from 1 to 40, and Y is a halogen ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, alkylsulfate ion, sulfonate ion, alkylsulfonate ion or dihydrogen phosphate ion; b) one or more nonpolymeric cationic antistatic agents; and c) one or more crosslinkers. ##STR00001##

An antistatic polyester film includes a self-supporting polyester substrate film bearing on at least one surface thereof an antistatic layer including a) one or more antistatic polymers comprising repeat units according to formula (I) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently H or CH.sub.3, R.sup.3 is an alkylene group having a carbon number in a range from 2 to 10, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a saturated hydrocarbon group having a carbon number in a range from 1 to 5, R.sup.6 is an alkylene group having a carbon number in a range from 2 to 5, n is an integer in a range from 0 to 40, m is an integer in a range from 1 to 40, and Y is a halogen ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, alkylsulfate ion, sulfonate ion, alkylsulfonate ion or dihydrogen phosphate ion; b) one or more nonpolymeric cationic antistatic agents; and c) one or more crosslinkers. ##STR00001##

Copolymers polymerized from at least one or more cinchona alkaloid containing compounds; and an acrylamide containing monomer, an acrylate containing monomer, or combinations thereof. Complexes and methods utilizing such copolymers are also disclosed.

Copolymers polymerized from at least one or more cinchona alkaloid containing compounds; and an acrylamide containing monomer, an acrylate containing monomer, or combinations thereof. Complexes and methods utilizing such copolymers are also disclosed.

A composition formed by dispersing at least a plurality of first particles within a matrix material and dispersing at least a plurality of second particles within the matrix material, the second particles being different from the first particles, wherein interaction between the at least a plurality of second particles and the at least a plurality of first particles determines a spatial distribution of the plurality of second particles within the matrix material.

Disclosed herein is a use of a composition, comprising a non-toxic polyanionic material or a salt thereof to dissociate a polymeric membrane. In addition, a method of dissociating a polymeric membrane is also presented, the method comprising the steps of providing a polymeric membrane; and dissociating the polymeric membrane by adding a composition comprising a non-toxic polyanionic material to the polymeric membrane.

Disclosed herein is a use of a composition, comprising a non-toxic polyanionic material or a salt thereof to dissociate a polymeric membrane. In addition, a method of dissociating a polymeric membrane is also presented, the method comprising the steps of providing a polymeric membrane; and dissociating the polymeric membrane by adding a composition comprising a non-toxic polyanionic material to the polymeric membrane.