The present invention relates to a process for preparing a bonding resin, wherein lignin is provided in the form of an aqueous solution and mixed with one or more of a crosslinker and optionally one or more additives. The bonding resin is useful for example in the manufacture of laminates, mineral wool insulation and wood products such as plywood, oriented strandboard (OSB), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), medium density fiberboards (MDF), high density fiberboards (HDF), parquet flooring, curved plywood, veneered particleboards, veneered MDF or particle boards.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a molding material from which a carbon fiber reinforced composite material having excellent impact resistance and tensile strength is obtained; and a molding material from which a glass fiber reinforced composite material, that has high bending strength and impact resistance, has excellent weather resistance, and can suppress a decrease in bending strength after water absorption, is obtained. In order to achieve the purpose, the molding material according to the present invention is a molding material formed of an epoxy resin composition and a carbon fiber and/or a glass fiber, wherein the epoxy resin composition includes all of [A] to [C], the carbon fiber satisfies conditions [a] and [b], and the glass fiber has a surface functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with an isocyanate group. [A] Epoxy resin having at least two oxylan groups in molecule [B] Epoxy resin curing agent having at least two isocyanate groups in molecule [C] Catalyst [a] Having substantially perfect circular cross section [b] Average fiber diameter of 4.0-8.0 μm

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a molding material from which a carbon fiber reinforced composite material having excellent impact resistance and tensile strength is obtained; and a molding material from which a glass fiber reinforced composite material, that has high bending strength and impact resistance, has excellent weather resistance, and can suppress a decrease in bending strength after water absorption, is obtained. In order to achieve the purpose, the molding material according to the present invention is a molding material formed of an epoxy resin composition and a carbon fiber and/or a glass fiber, wherein the epoxy resin composition includes all of [A] to [C], the carbon fiber satisfies conditions [a] and [b], and the glass fiber has a surface functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with an isocyanate group. [A] Epoxy resin having at least two oxylan groups in molecule [B] Epoxy resin curing agent having at least two isocyanate groups in molecule [C] Catalyst [a] Having substantially perfect circular cross section [b] Average fiber diameter of 4.0-8.0 μm

The object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition that has a low toxicity, is curable at a low temperature, and is capable of forming a cured product having high heat resistance. The present invention relates to a dual-curable adhesive composition comprising: (a1) an oxetane compound, (a2) an alicyclic epoxy compound, (a3) an aromatic glycidyl ether-based epoxy compound, (b) a photocationic polymerization initiator, and (c) a thermal cationic polymerization initiator comprising a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate compound, wherein the amount of the component (a1) is 20 to 95 parts by mass, the amount of the component (a2) is 3 to 55 parts by mass, and the amount of the component (a3) is 3 to 45 parts by mass, each based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the components (a1), (a2) and (a3).

The object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition that has a low toxicity, is curable at a low temperature, and is capable of forming a cured product having high heat resistance. The present invention relates to a dual-curable adhesive composition comprising: (a1) an oxetane compound, (a2) an alicyclic epoxy compound, (a3) an aromatic glycidyl ether-based epoxy compound, (b) a photocationic polymerization initiator, and (c) a thermal cationic polymerization initiator comprising a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate compound, wherein the amount of the component (a1) is 20 to 95 parts by mass, the amount of the component (a2) is 3 to 55 parts by mass, and the amount of the component (a3) is 3 to 45 parts by mass, each based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the components (a1), (a2) and (a3).

A prepreg is provided that has excellent processability and handleability and that can be processed into a cured product with high heat resistance. Also provided is a method to produce such a prepreg in an industrially advantageous way without being restricted by the types and contents of the matrix resin components used. The prepreg includes at least components [A] to [D] as given below and a preliminary reaction product that is a reaction product of the component [B] and the component [C], at least one surface resin in the prepreg having a storage elastic modulus G′ in the range of 1.0×10.sup.3 to 2.0×10.sup.8 Pa as measured at a temperature of 40° C. and an angular frequency in the range of 0.06 to 314 rad/s: [A] carbon fiber, [B] epoxy resin, [C] curing agent, and [D] thermoplastic resin.

A prepreg is provided that has excellent processability and handleability and that can be processed into a cured product with high heat resistance. Also provided is a method to produce such a prepreg in an industrially advantageous way without being restricted by the types and contents of the matrix resin components used. The prepreg includes at least components [A] to [D] as given below and a preliminary reaction product that is a reaction product of the component [B] and the component [C], at least one surface resin in the prepreg having a storage elastic modulus G′ in the range of 1.0×10.sup.3 to 2.0×10.sup.8 Pa as measured at a temperature of 40° C. and an angular frequency in the range of 0.06 to 314 rad/s: [A] carbon fiber, [B] epoxy resin, [C] curing agent, and [D] thermoplastic resin.

Amine-substituted copolymers that may include an amine-substituted 2-amino-ethan-1-ol moiety. Polyamic acids and polyimides, which may be formed by contacting an amine substituted copolymer with a dianhydride, or a dianhydride and a diamine. Articles, such as wires, having a surface on which a polyimide is disposed. Methods for forming polymers.

Amine-substituted copolymers that may include an amine-substituted 2-amino-ethan-1-ol moiety. Polyamic acids and polyimides, which may be formed by contacting an amine substituted copolymer with a dianhydride, or a dianhydride and a diamine. Articles, such as wires, having a surface on which a polyimide is disposed. Methods for forming polymers.

An apparatus and methods for using coatings for metal applications are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an article comprises a cured polymeric film having a first reaction product of a cationic photoinitiator and a compound suitable for cationic polymerization. The article has a second reaction product of a free-radical photoinitiator and a compound suitable for free-radical polymerization; The article has a metal substrate, wherein the cured polymeric film coats the metal substrate.