The present invention is directed to the use as a reactive component in the curing of compositions based on epoxy resins of a functionalized α-angelica lactone (XOMAL) having the general formula: ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sup.a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.30 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl or C.sub.2-C.sub.12 alkenyl group.

The present invention relates to a thermal conductive layer that includes at least one filler, has a thermal diffusivity of 5.0×10.sup.−7 m.sup.2s.sup.−1 or more, and has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10.sup.11 Ω.Math.cm or more. Further, the present invention relates to a photosensitive layer to which the thermal conductive layer is applied, a photosensitive composition, a manufacturing method for a thermal conductive layer, and a laminate and a semiconductor device.

A resist underlayer composition and a method of forming patterns using a resist underlayer composition, the resist underlayer composition including a polymer, the polymer including a structural unit that is a reaction product of an isocyanurate compound, the isocyanurate compound having at least one thiol group thereon, and a solvent.

A resist underlayer composition and a method of forming patterns using a resist underlayer composition, the resist underlayer composition including a polymer, the polymer including a structural unit that is a reaction product of an isocyanurate compound, the isocyanurate compound having at least one thiol group thereon, and a solvent.

The present disclosure provides to a novel flame retardant resin, wherein the resin is a reaction product of an epoxy material, a curing agent, and a partially esterified tannic acid of formula I, ##STR00001## wherein TA represents a tannic acid moiety, R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched alkyl, an optionally substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl group, or any combination thereof, and n is 2-10.

The present disclosure provides to a novel flame retardant resin, wherein the resin is a reaction product of an epoxy material, a curing agent, and a partially esterified tannic acid of formula I, ##STR00001## wherein TA represents a tannic acid moiety, R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched alkyl, an optionally substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.6 cyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl group, or any combination thereof, and n is 2-10.

A zirconium nitride powder having a volume resistivity of 107 Ω.Math.cm or more in the state of the pressurized powder body hardened at a pressure of 5 MPa, and a particle size distribution D90 of 10 μm or less when ultrasonically dispersed for 5 minutes in a state of being diluted with water or an alcohol having a carbon number of which is in a range of 2 to 5. Also, the zirconium nitride powder is dispersed in an acrylic monomer or an epoxy monomer to prepare a monomer dispersion. Further, the zirconium nitride powder is dispersed in a dispersing medium as a black pigment and further a resin is mixed to prepare a black composition.

A zirconium nitride powder having a volume resistivity of 107 Ω.Math.cm or more in the state of the pressurized powder body hardened at a pressure of 5 MPa, and a particle size distribution D90 of 10 μm or less when ultrasonically dispersed for 5 minutes in a state of being diluted with water or an alcohol having a carbon number of which is in a range of 2 to 5. Also, the zirconium nitride powder is dispersed in an acrylic monomer or an epoxy monomer to prepare a monomer dispersion. Further, the zirconium nitride powder is dispersed in a dispersing medium as a black pigment and further a resin is mixed to prepare a black composition.

The invention provides a method for sequence controllable block copolymerization of a cyclic ester monomer and an epoxy monomer, including: in an inert atmosphere, adding the epoxy monomer and/or the cyclic ester monomer into a catalytic initiating system including an organic base and an alkyl borane for reaction, so as to obtain a sequence controllable polyether-polyester block copolymer of the cyclic ester monomer and the epoxy monomer, i.e. a polyester-b-polyether or a polyether-b-polyester. The invention can prepare various polyether-polyester block copolymers of which the molecular weights, block sequences, block ratios and pendant group combinations can be flexibly adjusted. The invention provides a method for continuously preparing an aliphatic polyester-polyether block copolymer by a one-pot method utilizing a catalytic system of a metal-free Lewis acid-base pair.

The present invention relates to a thermosetting material for use in a 3D printing process comprising: a) at least one epoxy resin A, b) at least one elastomer-modified epoxy resin B, c) at least one resin C with a dynamic viscosity of below 4 Pas at 150° C., d) at least one of a curing agent D capable of reacting with A, B and optionally C, e) and optionally additional compounds,
wherein the glass transition temperature of the uncured material is at least 30° C., preferably at least 40° C. as measured with DSC at a heating rate of 20° C./min.

The invention further relates to a method of producing a cured 3D thermoset object and the use of the above-mentioned thermosetting material in a 3D printing process.