A self-healing polymeric material includes a polymeric matrix material, wherein dispersed within the polymeric matrix material is a mixture of materials that includes monomers and a photoinitiator, and a plurality of light generating microcapsules dispersed in the polymeric matrix material. Each light generating microcapsule encapsulates multiple reactants that undergo a chemiluminescent reaction. The chemiluminescent reaction generates a photon having a wavelength within a particular emission range that is consistent with an absorption range of the photoinitiator.

An article that includes a fluorescent composition having at least one of a fluorescent sensor compound and organic reporter molecules encapsulated in a microsphere structure. When encapsulated, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are distributed in a liquid organic matrix. When non-encapsulated, the remaining one of the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules reside in the matrix. In response to a force applied to the composition sufficient to break at least a portion of the microsphere structure, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are transformed into a non-reversible fluorescent state exhibiting a quantum yield greater than 0.2. The fluorescent state is objectively visually verifiable without physically contacting the composition.

A method of adhering a first component to a second component includes priming the first component with an adhesive bond primer containing a primer material, a corrosion inhibitor, and a chemical additive (such as a dye compound), and using an adhesive to attach the second component to the first component through the adhesive bond primer applied on the surface of the second component. The chemical additive allows inspection of the adhesive bond primer with a corresponding radiation source.

A method of adhering a first component to a second component includes priming the first component with an adhesive bond primer containing a primer material, a corrosion inhibitor, and a chemical additive (such as a dye compound), and using an adhesive to attach the second component to the first component through the adhesive bond primer applied on the surface of the second component. The chemical additive allows inspection of the adhesive bond primer with a corresponding radiation source.

[Problem]

A problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a novel fluorescent probe having excellent tissue permeability that is capable of detecting the peptidase activity expressed at a high level in cancer cells and the like as a response of long-wavelength red fluorescence.

[Solution]

A compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001##

[In the formula, A represents a ring structure selected from the group consisting of a thiophene ring, a cyclopentene ring, a cyclopentadiene ring, and a furan ring; X represents a C.sub.0-C.sub.3 alkylene group; Y represents O, S, C(O)O, or NH, Z represents O, C(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b), Si(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b), Ge(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b), Sn(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b), Se, P(R.sup.c), or P(R.sup.c) (O) (where R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R.sup.c represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group); R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent from one to three of the same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, and an alkyl group, a sulfo group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an amide group, and an azide group each of which may be substituted; R.sup.3 represents an acyl residue derived from an amino acid (where the acyl residue is a residue obtained by removing an OH group from a carboxyl group of the amino acid); R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (where when R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is an alkyl group, the R.sup.4 or R.sup.5, together with R.sup.2, may form a ring structure comprising a nitrogen atom to which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are bonded).]

A near-infrared fluorescent probe has fluorescence in the near-infrared region. Like CaSiR-1, the probe has rhodamines as the fluorescent mother nucleus and accumulates in the cytoplasm. The probe makes it possible to visualize concentration fluctuations in metal ions, such as calcium ions, within the body. The fluorescent probe includes a compound represented by the following general formula or a salt of the compound:

##STR00001##

A fluorescent composition includes at least one of a fluorescent sensor compound and organic reporter molecules encapsulated in a microsphere structure. When encapsulated, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are distributed in a liquid organic matrix. When non-encapsulated, the remaining one of the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules reside in the matrix. In response to a force applied to the composition sufficient to break at least a portion of the microsphere structure, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are transformed into a non-reversible fluorescent state exhibiting a quantum yield greater than 0.2. The fluorescent state is objectively visually verifiable without physically contacting the composition.

A method for chlorinating blue anthrone, violanthrone or isoviolanthrone is provided. Reaction is carried out with a chlorinating agent (any one of sulfonyl chloride, thionyl chloride and triphosgene) in a reaction solvent (a Lewis acid ionic liquid with anions being of a transition metal halide) for 2 h to 40 h at a chlorination temperature not lower than room temperature and not higher than 120? C.; and then the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a target product. The present disclosure cuts off a generation route of harmful substances such as dioxins and their derivatives from the source. There are no dioxins or similar substances generated in the product, and the reaction has high atomic utilization rate and low energy consumption, which fills the gap in the field of chemical technologies at home and abroad.

A method for chlorinating blue anthrone, violanthrone or isoviolanthrone is provided. Reaction is carried out with a chlorinating agent (any one of sulfonyl chloride, thionyl chloride and triphosgene) in a reaction solvent (a Lewis acid ionic liquid with anions being of a transition metal halide) for 2 h to 40 h at a chlorination temperature not lower than room temperature and not higher than 120? C.; and then the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain a target product. The present disclosure cuts off a generation route of harmful substances such as dioxins and their derivatives from the source. There are no dioxins or similar substances generated in the product, and the reaction has high atomic utilization rate and low energy consumption, which fills the gap in the field of chemical technologies at home and abroad.

The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and use of fluorophores. It is more specifically directed to the synthesis and use of deuterated fluorophores. In one case, the present invention provides a compound of the structure shown in FIG. 44.