The present invention relates to organic light emitting elements, comprising thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and/or hosts of formula ##STR00001##
which have a sufficiently small energy gap between S.sub.1 and T.sub.1 (E.sub.ST) to enable up-conversion of the triplet exciton from T.sub.1 to S.sub.1. The organic light emitting elements show high electroluminescent efficiency.

The present invention relates to organic light emitting elements, comprising thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and/or hosts of formula ##STR00001##
which have a sufficiently small energy gap between S.sub.1 and T.sub.1 (E.sub.ST) to enable up-conversion of the triplet exciton from T.sub.1 to S.sub.1. The organic light emitting elements show high electroluminescent efficiency.

A fluorescent composition includes at least one of a fluorescent sensor compound and organic reporter molecules encapsulated in a microsphere structure. When encapsulated, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are distributed in a liquid organic matrix. When non-encapsulated, the remaining one of the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules reside in the matrix. In response to a force applied to the composition sufficient to break at least a portion of the microsphere structure, the fluorescent sensor compound and the organic reporter molecules are transformed into a non-reversible fluorescent state exhibiting a quantum yield greater than 0.2. The fluorescent state is objectively visually verifiable without physically contacting the composition.

The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and use of fluorophores. It is more specifically directed to the synthesis and use of deuterated fluorophores. In one case, the present invention provides a compound of the structure shown in FIG. 44.

The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and use of fluorophores. It is more specifically directed to the synthesis and use of deuterated fluorophores. In one case, the present invention provides a compound of the structure shown in FIG. 44.

The presently-disclosed subject matter includes azetidine-substituted fluorescent compounds, where the compounds may be used as probes, dyes, tags, and the like. The presently-disclosed subject matter also includes kits comprising the same as well as methods for using the same to detect a target substance.

The presently-disclosed subject matter includes azetidine-substituted fluorescent compounds, where the compounds may be used as probes, dyes, tags, and the like. The presently-disclosed subject matter also includes kits comprising the same as well as methods for using the same to detect a target substance.

A compound represented by the general formula (1) is useful as a light emitting material. In the general formula (1), Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, provided that Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are the same as each other, and at least one of Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represents an aryl group substituted with a group represented by the general formula (2). In the general formula (2), R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; Z represents O, S, R.sup.9N, (R.sup.10) (R.sup.11)C, or (R.sup.12) (R.sup.13)Si; and R.sup.9 to R.sup.13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

A compound represented by the general formula (1) is useful as a light emitting material. In the general formula (1), Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, provided that Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are the same as each other, and at least one of Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represents an aryl group substituted with a group represented by the general formula (2). In the general formula (2), R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; Z represents O, S, R.sup.9N, (R.sup.10) (R.sup.11)C, or (R.sup.12) (R.sup.13)Si; and R.sup.9 to R.sup.13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a new class of substituted aza-triangulenium fluorescent dyes having a hydroxy group attached to an aryl as quenching group. The new substituted aza-triangulenium fluorescent dyes may be attached to a linker, conjugated to carrier molecule such as e.g. a protein, a nucleic acid, a lipid, or a saccharide, or deposited or immobilized on solid support materials. The substituted aza-triangulenium fluorescent dyes are useful for various purposes, including use in sensors for monitoring or determining the concentration of analytes, such as H.sup.+(pH), Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, O.sub.2, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2O.sub.2, ionic strength, redox potentials, metal ions, and metabolites.