The present invention pertains generally to the field of chemical synthesis, and more particularly to methods for the chemical synthesis of a thiosulfonic acid of Formula (1) by a step of periodate mediated oxidative coupling of a thiosulfonic acid of Formula (2) with an aniline of Formula (3), as described herein. The present invention also relates to such methods which incorporate one or more additional (subsequent and/or preceding) steps, for example, to prepare compounds of Formula (5) from compounds of Formula (1); to prepare compounds of Formula (6) from compounds of Formula (5); and to prepare compounds of Formula (2) from compounds of Formula (4), as described herein.

##STR00001##

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

The present invention relates to organic light emitting elements, comprising thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and/or hosts of formula ##STR00001##
which have a sufficiently small energy gap between S.sub.1 and T.sub.1 (E.sub.ST) to enable up-conversion of the triplet exciton from T.sub.1 to S.sub.1. The organic light emitting elements show high electroluminescent efficiency.

The present invention relates to organic light emitting elements, comprising thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and/or hosts of formula ##STR00001##
which have a sufficiently small energy gap between S.sub.1 and T.sub.1 (E.sub.ST) to enable up-conversion of the triplet exciton from T.sub.1 to S.sub.1. The organic light emitting elements show high electroluminescent efficiency.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.