Described are methods of preparing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula: ##STR00001## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.9 are independently selected from: H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.3NA and R.sup.3NB is independently selected from: H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.7NA and R.sup.7NB is independently selected from: H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of HX.sup.1 and HX.sup.2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly useful for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.

The invention relates to specific phenanthrenes, the use of the compound in an electronic device, and an electronic device containing at least one of said compounds. The invention further relates to a method for producing the compound and a formulation and composition containing one or more of the compounds.

The invention relates to specific phenanthrenes, the use of the compound in an electronic device, and an electronic device containing at least one of said compounds. The invention further relates to a method for producing the compound and a formulation and composition containing one or more of the compounds.

A compound represented by the general formula (1) is useful as a light emitting material. In the general formula (1), Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, provided that Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are the same as each other, and at least one of Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represents an aryl group substituted with a group represented by the general formula (2). In the general formula (2), R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; Z represents O, S, R.sup.9N, (R.sup.10) (R.sup.11)C, or (R.sup.12) (R.sup.13)Si; and R.sup.9 to R.sup.13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

A compound represented by the general formula (1) is useful as a light emitting material. In the general formula (1), Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group, provided that Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are the same as each other, and at least one of Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.3 represents an aryl group substituted with a group represented by the general formula (2). In the general formula (2), R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; Z represents O, S, R.sup.9N, (R.sup.10) (R.sup.11)C, or (R.sup.12) (R.sup.13)Si; and R.sup.9 to R.sup.13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. ##STR00001##

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

The invention relates to compounds which are suitable for use in electronic devices, and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing said compounds.

The invention relates to compounds which are suitable for use in electronic devices, and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing said compounds.

The present invention pertains to: an oxidation color developable compound that is represented by general formula (1), that has excellent solubility in water, and that is less affected by a substance coexisting in a sample; and an oxidation color development reagent using the oxidation color developable compound. In general formula (I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each represent a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, X represents a hydrophilic functional group, and L represents (CH.sub.2).sub.j (j represents an integer of 2-10), (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.k (k represents an integer of 1-10), or (CH.sub.2).sub.mZ(CH.sub.2).sub.n (m and n each independently represent an integer of 1-10, and Z represents N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CONH, NHCO, COO, OCO, NHCOO, OCONH, NHCONH, and (CH.sub.2NHCO).sub.q).

The present invention pertains to: an oxidation color developable compound that is represented by general formula (1), that has excellent solubility in water, and that is less affected by a substance coexisting in a sample; and an oxidation color development reagent using the oxidation color developable compound. In general formula (I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each represent a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, X represents a hydrophilic functional group, and L represents (CH.sub.2).sub.j (j represents an integer of 2-10), (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.k (k represents an integer of 1-10), or (CH.sub.2).sub.mZ(CH.sub.2).sub.n (m and n each independently represent an integer of 1-10, and Z represents N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2, CONH, NHCO, COO, OCO, NHCOO, OCONH, NHCONH, and (CH.sub.2NHCO).sub.q).