The invention relates to dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells, and in particular, to perylene functionalized porphyrin dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The invention further relates to a dye molecule comprising perylene functionalized porphyrin moiety.

The invention relates to dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells, and in particular, to perylene functionalized porphyrin dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The invention further relates to a dye molecule comprising perylene functionalized porphyrin moiety.

Disclosed is a porphyrin photosensitive dye, having the chemical formula: ##STR00001##
Each of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is independently ##STR00002##
R.sup.1 is C.sub.5-20 linear/branched alkyl group. R.sup.2 is C.sub.0-20 linear/branched alkyl group. R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkyl group. Each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 is independently C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkyl group or C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkoxy group. Y.sup.1 is C.sub.3-20 cycloalkyl group. Each of a and b is independently an integer of 0 to 5. D is ##STR00003##
Each of R.sup.6 to R.sup.11 is independently C.sub.1-10 alkyl group. X.sup.1 is N, O, S, or Se. Each of c, d, and e is independently an integer of 0 to 5. A is ##STR00004##
Each of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is independently hydrogen, alkali metal, or quaternary ammonium salt N(R.sup.12).sub.4. R.sup.12 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl group. X.sup.2 is N, O, S, or Se.

Disclosed is a porphyrin photosensitive dye, having the chemical formula: ##STR00001##
Each of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is independently ##STR00002##
R.sup.1 is C.sub.5-20 linear/branched alkyl group. R.sup.2 is C.sub.0-20 linear/branched alkyl group. R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkyl group. Each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 is independently C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkyl group or C.sub.1-20 linear/branched alkoxy group. Y.sup.1 is C.sub.3-20 cycloalkyl group. Each of a and b is independently an integer of 0 to 5. D is ##STR00003##
Each of R.sup.6 to R.sup.11 is independently C.sub.1-10 alkyl group. X.sup.1 is N, O, S, or Se. Each of c, d, and e is independently an integer of 0 to 5. A is ##STR00004##
Each of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is independently hydrogen, alkali metal, or quaternary ammonium salt N(R.sup.12).sub.4. R.sup.12 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl group. X.sup.2 is N, O, S, or Se.

A curable resin composition for a lens, including a coloring agent A having a maximal absorption at a wavelength of 520 to 620 nm, in which a wavelength dispersion WD of a cured product of the composition, which is calculated by the following expression (X), is 2.010.sup.5 or more; a cured product formed of the curable resin composition for a lens; a diffractive optical element; and a multilayer diffractive optical element.
WD=(nCn(1129))/(1129656)Expression (X)
In the expression, nC represents a refractive index at a wavelength of 656 nm and n(1129) represents a refractive index at a wavelength of 1129 nm.

A curable resin composition for a lens, including a coloring agent A having a maximal absorption at a wavelength of 520 to 620 nm, in which a wavelength dispersion WD of a cured product of the composition, which is calculated by the following expression (X), is 2.010.sup.5 or more; a cured product formed of the curable resin composition for a lens; a diffractive optical element; and a multilayer diffractive optical element.
WD=(nCn(1129))/(1129656)Expression (X)
In the expression, nC represents a refractive index at a wavelength of 656 nm and n(1129) represents a refractive index at a wavelength of 1129 nm.

The present specification relates to an optical film, and a display device including an optical film, comprising a dye or pigment absorbing at least some of a wavelength of 490 nm to 510 nm; having a transmission color of a D65 light source, a CIE standard illuminant, of 8<a*<8 and 8<b*<8, wherein a* indicates a direction the transmission color is leaned between red and green and b* indicates a direction the transmission color is leaned between yellow and blue; and satisfying the following Equations 1 and 2:
T%(500 nm)<T%(530 nm),[Equation 1]
[T%(500 nm)1.8]<[T%(460 nm)+T%(610 nm)][Equation 2] wherein, in Equations 1 and 2, T % (A nm) is transmittance at a wavelength of A nm.

The present specification relates to an optical film, and a display device including an optical film, comprising a dye or pigment absorbing at least some of a wavelength of 490 nm to 510 nm; having a transmission color of a D65 light source, a CIE standard illuminant, of 8<a*<8 and 8<b*<8, wherein a* indicates a direction the transmission color is leaned between red and green and b* indicates a direction the transmission color is leaned between yellow and blue; and satisfying the following Equations 1 and 2:
T%(500 nm)<T%(530 nm),[Equation 1]
[T%(500 nm)1.8]<[T%(460 nm)+T%(610 nm)][Equation 2] wherein, in Equations 1 and 2, T % (A nm) is transmittance at a wavelength of A nm.

The present invention is generally directed to the synthesis and use of fluorophores. It is more specifically directed to the synthesis and use of deuterated fluorophores. In one case, the present invention provides a compound of the structure shown in FIG. 44.

Use of an encapsulated natural color for coloring a household, industrial or institutional (HI&I) product wherein the encapsulated natural color is stable in water to simulated solar irradiation at 765 Watt in accordance with International Commission on Illumination 85 (1989, Table 4, 3 mm window glass) reference sun for a period of between 8 hours and 16 hours.