An object of the present invention is to provide a novel squarylium dye that can achieve an equivalent chromaticity value of even a colored resin composition having a low content of the squarylium dye as compared with a colored resin composition comprising a conventional squarylium dye. The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.5 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 each independently represent a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the like; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent a halogen atom or an alkyl halide group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and m1 and m2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to Near-infrared fluorescent indicators for lysosomes and application thereof. These indicators are composed of lipophilic NIR BODIPY derivatives and ionizable bis-tertiary amine moiety, which enable the formation of a transient amphiphilic state in acidic environments specifically. This structural feature affords accurate lysosomal membrane targeting ability at nanomole staining concentration.

The present disclosure relates to Near-infrared fluorescent indicators for lysosomes and application thereof. These indicators are composed of lipophilic NIR BODIPY derivatives and ionizable bis-tertiary amine moiety, which enable the formation of a transient amphiphilic state in acidic environments specifically. This structural feature affords accurate lysosomal membrane targeting ability at nanomole staining concentration.

Provided are a compound represented by the following general formula (1) ##STR00001##
and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device or a light control device having the liquid crystal composition. The compound represented by general formula (1) has both a large dichroic ratio and high solubility in the host liquid crystal. In addition, it has excellent chemical stability at a level usable as a device. Therefore, by using the compound represented by general formula (1) as a component of a GH-type liquid crystal composition, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device or a light control device with high contrast.

The present invention relates to a transmitter for transmitting data and for emitting electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectral range, wherein the transmitter comprises a) a radiation source for generating and emitting first electromagnetic radiation, b) a modulator being adapted to modulate the first electromagnetic radiation depending on the data to be transmitted generating modulated first electromagnetic radiation, and c) a frequency converter for converting at least a part of the modulated first electromagnetic radiation into modulated second electromagnetic radiation, said modulated second electromagnetic radiation being different from the modulated first electromagnetic radiation, wherein the frequency converter comprises a polymeric matrix material comprising at least one organic fluorescent colorant. Furthermore, the invention relates to an illumination device comprising such transmitter. Moreover, the invention relates to a data transmission system comprising such a transmitter as well as a receiver and a data analyzer.

A salt-forming compound represented by the following general formula (3):

##STR00001##

where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent an aromatic ring group optionally containing a substituent; Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group that the carbon atom directly bound to X.sup.1 or X.sup.2 does not have a π bond; Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation group; e represents an integer of from 1 to 4; and when e is 2 or more, a plurality of Ys and a plurality of Z.sup.+ s may be each the same or different; A.sup.c− represents a heteropolyoxometalate anion which is a c-valent anion and which has an oxidation-reduction potential larger than −0.3 V relative to the silver/silver chloride electrode; f and c are each an integer of 2 or more; g is an integer of 1 or more; and the salt-forming compound is a normal salt that f×e=c×g.

Heterocyclic compounds are provided. In particular, the heteroatom of the heterocyclic compound may be nitrogen. The heterocyclic compounds may demonstrate capacity of stabilizing photoactive compounds. Topical compositions comprising these heterocyclic compounds are also provided. In particular, these topical compositions further comprise photoactive compounds. Methods for stabilizing photoactive compounds are also provided. These methods comprise mixing the photoactive compounds with photostabilizing heterocyclic compounds.

Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix is a hallmark of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it is advantageous to target the cells and the mechanisms associated with this process. By targeting myofibroblasts (specialized contractile fibroblasts) that are key for the development of IPF with drugs conjugated with fibroblast activation protein (FAP). this technology helps minimize the production of extracellular matrix in the lungs and provides a new treatment option for patients diagnosed with IPF.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle that contains a pyrazolotriazole-based dye and a zirconium oxide particle.

An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes a toner particle that contains a pyrazolotriazole-based dye and a zirconium oxide particle.