Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

A data storage system and method are provided for storing data in non-volatile memory devices. Binary data is received for storage in a non-volatile memory device. The binary data is converted into non-binary data comprising base-X values, where X is an integer greater than two. The non-binary data is encoded to generate a codeword and the codeword is written to a wordline of the non-volatile memory device.

Provided are any one of the following fluorescent compounds and a fluorescent labeled biological substance having this fluorescent compound.

##STR00001##

X represents CR.sup.5 or N, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.7, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 each represent a specific group.

a ring .sub.1 and a ring .sub.2 are a 5- to 8-membered ring,

At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.7, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, Q.sup.1, or Q.sup.2 has a specific hydrophilic group.

However, in a case where the ring .sub.1 and the ring .sub.2 are a 6-membered ring, and L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are an arylene group, R.sup.5 is not an aryl group substituted with a linear alkyl group having 18 or more carbon atoms. In addition to the regulation of the ring .sub.1, the ring .sub.2, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2, in a case where R.sup.5 has a substituent having a dipyrromethene boron complex structure, the dipyrromethene boron complex structure has a structure in which a dipyrromethene skeleton is coordinately bonded to a boron atom in the tridentate or tetradentate coordination.

The present application relates to novel whitening agents for cellulosic substrates. The whitening agents are comprised of at least two constituents: at least one chromophore constituent and at least one polymeric constituent. Suitable chromophore components generally fluoresce blue, red, violet, or purple color when exposed to light, or they may absorb light to reflect these same shades. The whitening agents are further characterized by the polymeric component comprising at least two repeating glycerol units. This disclosure also relates to laundry care compositions including but not limited to liquid and/or powder laundry detergent formulations and rinse added fabric softening (RAFS) compositions that comprise such whitening agents.

The present application relates to novel whitening agents for cellulosic substrates. The whitening agents are comprised of at least two constituents: at least one chromophore constituent and at least one polymeric constituent. Suitable chromophore components generally fluoresce blue, red, violet, or purple color when exposed to light, or they may absorb light to reflect these same shades. The whitening agents are further characterized by the polymeric component comprising at least two repeating glycerol units. This disclosure also relates to laundry care compositions including but not limited to liquid and/or powder laundry detergent formulations and rinse added fabric softening (RAFS) compositions that comprise such whitening agents.

The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound and an organic solar cell including the same.

A compound of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which one R.sub.p is NH.sub.2 and the two remaining R.sub.p are independently selected from the group consisting of OR.sup.4 and NR.sup.1R.sup.4. A compound of Formula (X) ##STR00002##
in which one R.sub.p is NH.sub.2 and the two remaining R.sub.p are independently selected from the group consisting of OR.sup.4 and NR.sup.1R.sup.4.

A compound of Formula (I) ##STR00001##
in which one R.sub.p is NH.sub.2 and the two remaining R.sub.p are independently selected from the group consisting of OR.sup.4 and NR.sup.1R.sup.4. A compound of Formula (X) ##STR00002##
in which one R.sub.p is NH.sub.2 and the two remaining R.sub.p are independently selected from the group consisting of OR.sup.4 and NR.sup.1R.sup.4.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices using wired and wireless protocols are disclosed. The systems and apparatus may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. The systems and apparatus may take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment to identify the devices and associate control signals with the devices. The systems and apparatus may use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, to make for a more robust architecture.