A salt-forming compound represented by the following general formula (3): ##STR00001##
where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent an aromatic ring group optionally containing a substituent; Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group that the carbon atom directly bound to X.sup.1 or X.sup.2 does not have a π bond; Z.sup.+ represents an organic cation group; e represents an integer of from 1 to 4; and when e is 2 or more, a plurality of Ys and a plurality of Z.sup.+ s may be each the same or different; A.sup.c- represents a heteropolyoxometalate anion which is a c-valent anion and which has an oxidation-reduction potential larger than −0.3 V relative to the silver/silver chloride electrode; f and c are each an integer of 2 or more; g is an integer of 1 or more; and the salt-forming compound is a normal salt that f×e=c×g.

The present invention provides a carbon material dispersion in which a carbon material is contained at a high concentration in a liquid medium containing an organic solvent but is unlikely to reaggregate and is stably dispersed, and from which various products, such as an ink capable of forming a coating film having excellent electric conductivity, can be formed. This carbon material dispersion contains a carbon material, an organic solvent, and a polymeric dispersant, wherein the polymeric dispersant is a polymer having 3 to 55% by mass of a constituent unit (1) represented by the following formula (1), wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or the like, A represents O or NH, B represents an ethylene group or the like, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a methyl group or the like, Ar represents a phenyl group or the like, X represents a chlorine atom or the like, and p represents an arbitrary number of repeating units, and the polymeric dispersant has an amine value of 100 mgKOH/g or less and a number average molecular weight of 5,000 to 20,000.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to a cathodically depositable aqueous electrodeposition coating material including at least one epoxide-amine adduct (a), at least one pigment and/or at least one filler (b), and at least one crosslinking agent (c), a fraction of at least 25 wt % of the crosslinking agent (c), based on the total weight of the crosslinking agent (c), being formed by at least one tris(alkoxycarbonylamino)-1,3,5-triazine; to a method for coating an electrically conductive substrate by cathodic electrodeposition coating using said electrodeposition coating material; to a substrate coated accordingly; and also to a use of a tris(alkoxycarbonylamino)-1,3,5-triazine in a cathodically depositable electrodeposition coating material for reducing or eliminating the sensitivity to disruption of the electrodeposition coating bath toward impurities present therein through phosphates and/or through other metal salts which have been carried into the electrodeposition coating bath as a result of pretreatment steps ahead of the electrodeposition coating.

The present disclosure provides an aqueous composition comprising a quaternary amine compound neutralized with a polycarboxylic acid. The aqueous composition is particularly useful for inerting clay in cement compositions as well as compatibilzing pigments in pigment dispersions.

Provided are a coloring resin composition including a resin, a coloring material, and an organic solvent, in which the resin includes a resin A including a repeating unit (A) represented by Formula (a), where, in Formula (a), L.sup.a1 represents a trivalent group, Ar.sup.a1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a substituent, the substituent is a group having a structure in which a bonding portion with the aromatic hydrocarbon group is an ester bond or an amide bond, in the ester bond, an atom on a side different from an oxygen atom in the ester bond is on a side of the bonding portion with the aromatic hydrocarbon group, and in the amide bond, an atom on a side different from a nitrogen atom in the amide bond is on a side of the bonding portion with the aromatic hydrocarbon group; a film formed of the coloring resin composition; a color filter; a solid-state imaging element; and an image display device.

##STR00001##

A cathodic electrocoating composition having reduced volatile organic compounds includes: an epoxy resin comprising; a film forming binder, and a cross-linking agent; a pigment paste; water; and about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of an oxo-alcohol, based on a total weight of the composition, wherein the resin composition is free of glycol ethers.

Described are sealing primer compositions that can be used to reduce paint defects such as pops or vapor boil on painted plastic substrates, as well as related methods for sealing plastic substrates, and sealed plastic substrates. Sealing primer compositions of the invention include a functionalized polydiene polymer such as a hydroxylated or other functional-group-containing polybutadiene polymer.

A challenge of the present invention is to provide a water-based coating composition capable of providing a design superior in depth feeling in the formation of a multilayer coating film having a so-called color clear coating film. The present invention relates to a water-based coating composition comprising a coating film-forming resin (i) and a coloring pigment dispersion (ii), wherein the coating film-forming resin (i) comprises: an acrylic resin emulsion (A) having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less in an amount of 10 to 60% by mass in terms of the resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin (i), a water-soluble acrylic resin (B) in an amount of 5 to 40% by mass in terms of the resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin (i), and a melamine resin (C) in an amount of 20 to 40% by mass in terms of the resin solid content of the coating film-forming resin (i); and the coloring pigment dispersion (ii) comprises a coloring pigment (D) having a 90%-volume particle diameter (D90) of 100 nm or less.

A color material dispersion liquid including a color material, which is a salt-forming compound of an organic dye with a heteropolyoxometalate, a dispersant and a solvent, wherein the organic dye is at least one organic dye selected from the group consisting of a porphyrin dye, a tetraazaporphyrin dye, a phthalocyanine dye and a squarylium dye, and wherein the heteropolyoxometalate is a heteropolyoxometalate which has an oxidation-reduction potential larger than −0.3 V relative to the silver/silver chloride electrode.

Disclosed herein are a more efficient method for manufacturing paints and a universal extender pigment grind that can be used for the paints in the same paint line as well as in different paint lines, while producing paints with similar properties as paints manufactured under traditional manufacturing techniques. The universal extender pigment grind comprises a minimum amount of diatomaceous earth.