A composite structure disclosed includes a base (X) and a layer (Y). The layer (Y) includes a mixture of a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B), and a compound (L.sup.a) (silicon compound). Examples of the phosphorus compound (B) and the compound (L.sup.a) include a compound containing a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A). When the number of moles of metal atoms (M) derived from the metal oxide (A) is denoted by N.sub.M and the number of moles of Si atoms derived from the compound (L.sup.a) is denoted by N.sub.Si, 0.01≦N.sub.Si/N.sub.M≦0.30 is satisfied. When the number of moles of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B) is denoted by N.sub.P, 0.8≦N.sub.M/N.sub.P≦4.5 is satisfied.

The presently disclosed claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to a rheology modifier composition and an aqueous protective coating composition containing the rheology modifier composition. More particularly, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to a rheology modifier composition comprising (a) about 50 to about 99% by weight of a water soluble polymer and about 1 to about 50% by weight of a cationic polymer, wherein the cationic polymer is produced by polymerizing a quaternized monomer or by polymerizing a quaternized monomer and a non-quaternized monomer. Additionally, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the methods of making the rheology modifier composition and the aqueous protective coating composition.

The presently disclosed claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to a rheology modifier composition and an aqueous protective coating composition containing the rheology modifier composition. More particularly, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to a rheology modifier composition comprising (a) about 50 to about 99% by weight of a water soluble polymer and about 1 to about 50% by weight of a cationic polymer, wherein the cationic polymer is produced by polymerizing a quaternized monomer or by polymerizing a quaternized monomer and a non-quaternized monomer. Additionally, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the methods of making the rheology modifier composition and the aqueous protective coating composition.

The presently disclosed claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to a rheology modifier composition and an aqueous protective coating composition containing the rheology modifier composition. More particularly, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to a rheology modifier composition comprising (a) about 50 to about 99% by weight of a water soluble polymer and about 1 to about 50% by weight of a cationic polymer, wherein the cationic polymer is produced by polymerizing a quaternized monomer or by polymerizing a quaternized monomer and a non-quaternized monomer. Additionally, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the methods of making the rheology modifier composition and the aqueous protective coating composition.

A composition used to melt ice and snow is provided. The composition has a large solar radiation absorption bandwidth and good thermal conduction, which can be manually, mechanically or otherwise dispersed over a large or small surface area to aid in melting ice or snow into liquid when exposed to optical radiation. A method for preparing the composition and methods of use of the composition are also provided.

Disclosed herein are aqueous latex compositions comprising polysaccharide particles and a polymer dispersion or polymer emulsion. In one embodiment the polysaccharide particles comprise poly alpha-1,3-glucan. Also disclosed are an adhesive, film, coating, or binder comprising the latex composition in a dry form, as well as articles comprising the adhesive, film, coating, or binder.

A coating, a method for coating surfaces, and the coated surfaces. The method includes providing a substrate with a cleaned metal surface; contacting and coating the metal surface with an aqueous composition having a ph of from 0.5 to 7.0 and in the form of a dispersion and/or a suspension; optionally rinsing the organic coating; and drying and/or baking the organic coating, or optionally drying the organic coating and coating same with a similar or another coating composition thereto. The composition contains a complex fluoride in a quantity of 1.1 10.sup.−6 mol/l to 0.30 mol/l based on the cations. An anionic polyelectrolyte in a quantity of 0.01 to 5.0 wt % based on the total mass of the resulting mixture is added to an anionically stabilized dispersion made of film-forming polymers and/or a suspension made of film-forming inorganic particles.

A coating, a method for coating surfaces, and the coated surfaces. The method includes providing a substrate with a cleaned metal surface; contacting and coating the metal surface with an aqueous composition having a ph of from 0.5 to 7.0 and in the form of a dispersion and/or a suspension; optionally rinsing the organic coating; and drying and/or baking the organic coating, or optionally drying the organic coating and coating same with a similar or another coating composition thereto. The composition contains a complex fluoride in a quantity of 1.1 10.sup.−6 mol/l to 0.30 mol/l based on the cations. An anionic polyelectrolyte in a quantity of 0.01 to 5.0 wt % based on the total mass of the resulting mixture is added to an anionically stabilized dispersion made of film-forming polymers and/or a suspension made of film-forming inorganic particles.

The present disclosure relates to a DNA-based biodegradable resin composition. The DNA resin composition prepared by combining DNA as a polymer and Bipyridine-based compound as a flocculant has excellent physical properties and biodegradability, so it can be used as a bioplastic material.

The present disclosure relates to a DNA-based biodegradable resin composition. The DNA resin composition prepared by combining DNA as a polymer and Bipyridine-based compound as a flocculant has excellent physical properties and biodegradability, so it can be used as a bioplastic material.