The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

To provide a surface treatment method for hydrophilizing a surface of a treatment target and preventing charging by a simple and easy method and an anti-static agent. The present invention provides a surface treatment method. The method comprises an anti-static treatment step of coating a treatment target with an anti-static agent comprising an electrolyte (e1), a hydrophilic polymer (a) and water, and having electrical conductivity of 15 mS/m or more to obtain a coated film (A), drying the coated film (A) to obtain an anti-static layer, and a hydrophilizing treatment step of coating the anti-static layer with a hydrophilizing treatment agent comprising a hydrophilic polymer (b) and an alcohol to obtain a coated film (B), and drying the coated film (B), followed by rinsing thereof.

To provide a surface treatment method for hydrophilizing a surface of a treatment target and preventing charging by a simple and easy method and an anti-static agent. The present invention provides a surface treatment method. The method comprises an anti-static treatment step of coating a treatment target with an anti-static agent comprising an electrolyte (e1), a hydrophilic polymer (a) and water, and having electrical conductivity of 15 mS/m or more to obtain a coated film (A), drying the coated film (A) to obtain an anti-static layer, and a hydrophilizing treatment step of coating the anti-static layer with a hydrophilizing treatment agent comprising a hydrophilic polymer (b) and an alcohol to obtain a coated film (B), and drying the coated film (B), followed by rinsing thereof.

A resin composition includes a resin A, a resin C, and a solvent. The resin A includes a sulfonic-acid-group-containing structural unit in an amount exceeding 5 mol % with respect to total structural units included in the resin A. The resin A has a content of a fluorine atom of 30 mass % or less with respect to a total mass of the resin A. The resin C includes a fluorine atom in a larger content per unit mass than the content of a fluorine atom per unit mass in the resin A. A content of the resin A in the resin composition is lower than a content of the resin C in the resin composition in terms of mass.

A resin composition includes a resin A, a resin C, and a solvent. The resin A includes a sulfonic-acid-group-containing structural unit in an amount exceeding 5 mol % with respect to total structural units included in the resin A. The resin A has a content of a fluorine atom of 30 mass % or less with respect to a total mass of the resin A. The resin C includes a fluorine atom in a larger content per unit mass than the content of a fluorine atom per unit mass in the resin A. A content of the resin A in the resin composition is lower than a content of the resin C in the resin composition in terms of mass.

Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a metal catalyst, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and alloys and combinations thereof; (b) an at least highly fluorinated ionomer comprising a polymer backbone and a plurality of first side chains pendant therefrom, wherein the first side chain comprises at least one protogenic group, wherein the protogenic group is selected from a sulfonic acid, a bis(sulfonyl)imide, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl methide, and salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the polymer backbone comprises an average of at least 14 carbon atoms between adjacent first side chains along the polymer backbone; and (c) a solvent. Such coating compositions may be used to make electrodes for electrochemical cells and have been shown to have reduced poisoning of the catalyst.

Described herein is a coating composition comprising: (a) a metal catalyst, wherein the metal catalyst comprises at least one of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and alloys and combinations thereof; (b) an at least highly fluorinated ionomer comprising a polymer backbone and a plurality of first side chains pendant therefrom, wherein the first side chain comprises at least one protogenic group, wherein the protogenic group is selected from a sulfonic acid, a bis(sulfonyl)imide, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl methide, and salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the polymer backbone comprises an average of at least 14 carbon atoms between adjacent first side chains along the polymer backbone; and (c) a solvent. Such coating compositions may be used to make electrodes for electrochemical cells and have been shown to have reduced poisoning of the catalyst.

A washout tooling for a composite layup is provided. The washout tooling comprises a casting mold having an exterior surface. The casting mold comprises a particulate material and a water-soluble binder. The casting mold is adapted to break down in the presence of an aqueous solution. The washout tooling further comprises a water-soluble coating layer overlying the exterior surface. The water-soluble coating layer is adapted to break down in the presence of an aqueous solution. The washout tooling further comprises a curable composite layer overlying the water-soluble coating layer. The water-soluble coating layer minimizes contact between the particulate material and the curable composite layer.

A washout tooling for a composite layup is provided. The washout tooling comprises a casting mold having an exterior surface. The casting mold comprises a particulate material and a water-soluble binder. The casting mold is adapted to break down in the presence of an aqueous solution. The washout tooling further comprises a water-soluble coating layer overlying the exterior surface. The water-soluble coating layer is adapted to break down in the presence of an aqueous solution. The washout tooling further comprises a curable composite layer overlying the water-soluble coating layer. The water-soluble coating layer minimizes contact between the particulate material and the curable composite layer.

The disclosure describes poly(β-thioester) polymers and polymeric nanoparticles, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these materials, their use in the treatment of cancer and infectious disease, and machine learning methods for identifying and selecting them.