A laminate structure includes a first layer as a substrate and a second layer provided on the first layer. The second layer is composed of a rubber composition including a rubber component, first fine particles for providing a surface with irregularity, and second fine particles for shielding UV-C light. When performing Raman mapping analysis on a first peak derived from oscillation of the second fine particles in Raman scattering spectrum obtained by Raman scattering measurement of the second layer, the second layer includes a region where an intensity of the first peak is greater in an area where the first fine particles are not present than an area where the first fine particles are present.

Provided is an antibacterial liquid with excellent temporal stability in which caking due to sedimentation of solid components does not occur and with which a film capable of stably maintaining antibacterial properties can be formed, in a case of being formed into a film. Also provided are an antibacterial film formed using the antibacterial liquid, and a spray and a cloth including the antibacterial liquid. The antibacterial liquid includes an antibacterial microparticle, a binder, and a solvent, in which the antibacterial microparticle contains a silver-supporting inorganic oxide, the binder includes at least one compound having a siloxane bond, the solvent includes an alcohol and water, the concentration of solid contents is less than 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the antibacterial liquid, and the content of the compound having a siloxane bond is 60% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the antibacterial liquid.

Provided is an antibacterial liquid with excellent temporal stability in which caking due to sedimentation of solid components does not occur and with which a film capable of stably maintaining antibacterial properties can be formed, in a case of being formed into a film. Also provided are an antibacterial film formed using the antibacterial liquid, and a spray and a cloth including the antibacterial liquid. The antibacterial liquid includes an antibacterial microparticle, a binder, and a solvent, in which the antibacterial microparticle contains a silver-supporting inorganic oxide, the binder includes at least one compound having a siloxane bond, the solvent includes an alcohol and water, the concentration of solid contents is less than 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the antibacterial liquid, and the content of the compound having a siloxane bond is 60% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the antibacterial liquid.

A film-forming composition having favorable effects such as curability and embeddability and resist underlayer film for use in lithography process for semiconductor devices. The film-forming composition including, as silane, hydrolyzable silane, hydrolysis product thereof, or hydrolysis-condensation product thereof, wherein hydrolyzable silane includes hydrolyzable silane of Formula (1):

R.sup.1.sub.aR.sup.2.sub.bSi(R.sup.3).sub.4-(a+b)Formula (1)

in Formula (1), R.sup.1 is organic group of Formula (2) and is bonded to silicon atom through SiC bond:

##STR00001##

The film-forming composition, wherein the hydrolyzable silane is combination of hydrolyzable silane of Formula (1) with another hydrolyzable silane, wherein other hydrolyzable silane is at least one selected from group made of hydrolyzable silane of Formula (3):

R.sup.7.sub.cSi(R.sup.8).sub.4-cFormula (3)

and hydrolyzable silane of Formula (4):

R.sup.9.sub.dSi(R.sup.10).sub.3-d.sub.2Y.sub.eFormula (4)

Resist underlayer film, obtained by applying the resist underlayer film-forming composition on semiconductor substrate and baking.

A barrier film, a document including a barrier coating, and a method for producing a document are described. A document includes a substrate, printed data on a surface of the substrate, and a barrier coating. The barrier coating is disposed between a portion of the printed data and a portion of an adhesive. The portion of the adhesive is disposed between a portion of a protective layer and a portion of the substrate.

A barrier film, a document including a barrier coating, and a method for producing a document are described. A document includes a substrate, printed data on a surface of the substrate, and a barrier coating. The barrier coating is disposed between a portion of the printed data and a portion of an adhesive. The portion of the adhesive is disposed between a portion of a protective layer and a portion of the substrate.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of printable, high-viscosity oxide media, and to the use thereof in the production of solar cells.

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of printable, high-viscosity oxide media, and to the use thereof in the production of solar cells.

Provided are an antifouling composition including a tetrafunctional silane-based compound (A) having a specified structure, a trifunctional silane-based compound (B) having a specified structure, and a metal catalyst (C) containing one or more metal atoms selected from titanium, aluminum, and zinc, which does not require light irradiation for revealing a catalytic action; an antifouling sheet including an antifouling layer formed of the antifouling composition; and a method for producing the same.

A coating composition includes a compound of Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein the groups are described herein.