A method of forming a heterogeneous protective layer on a surface of a component in a reactor is useful for repair and/or protection. The reactor may be used for production of polycrystalline silicon or a reactant thereof. The heterogeneous protective layer comprises silicon, and may comprise silicon carbide (SiC) and/or silicon nitride (Si.sub.3N.sub.4). The method comprises providing a polymeric composition for forming the heterogeneous protective layer. The polymeric composition may comprise a polycarbosilane and/or a polysilazane. The method further comprises providing the component. The surface of the component comprises carbon, such as graphite, carbon fiber reinforced carbon, or a combination thereof. The method further comprises applying the polymeric composition on the surface to form a pre-cured coating layer. The method further comprises heating the pre-cured coating layer to form the heterogeneous protective layer. The surface of the component is present within the reactor during heating of the pre-cured coating layer.

An anti-microbial coating formulation consisting essentially of triethanolamine and a silane.

An anti-microbial coating formulation consisting essentially of triethanolamine and a silane.

An anti-microbial coating formulation consisting essentially of triethanolamine and a silane.

A vanadium dioxide coating for intelligent temperature control is formed by mixing a vanadium dioxide powder slurry, a polymer emulsion, and coating additives, and then coating the mixture onto a substrate. The vanadium dioxide powdery slurry comprises vanadium dioxide composite powders and a dispersion medium, the composite powders comprising vanadium dioxide nanopowders having a chemical composition of V.sub.1xM.sub.xO.sub.2, and the surface of the vanadium dioxide nanopowders being attached to organic modified long-chain molecules, wherein M is a doped element, and 0x0.5. Through using the vanadium dioxide powders and the slurry thereof having an organic modified surface, the coating has higher visible light transmittance, can almost completely screen ultraviolet rays, and simultaneously intelligently adjust infrared rays.

The present invention relates to an optical article comprising a substrate coated with a coating preferably comprising silanol groups on its surface and, directly contacting this coating, an antifog coating precursor coating, said precursor coating preferably having a static contact angle with water of more than 10 and of less than 50 and being obtained through the grafting of at least one organosilane compound possessing a polyoxyalkylene group and at least one silicon atom bearing at least one hydrolyzable group, and is further coated with a film obtained by applying a composition containing at least one surfactant of formula F(CF.sub.2).sub.y(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x+1H (VIII), wherein x is an integer ranging from 1 to 14, y is an integer lower than or equal to 10, compounds of formula (VIII) in which y=6 representing at least 90% by weight by weight, relative to the weight of compounds (VIII) present in the composition, so as to form an antifog coating, having preferably a static contact angle with water lower than or equal to 10.

The present invention relates to an optical article comprising a substrate coated with a coating preferably comprising silanol groups on its surface and, directly contacting this coating, an antifog coating precursor coating, said precursor coating preferably having a static contact angle with water of more than 10 and of less than 50 and being obtained through the grafting of at least one organosilane compound possessing a polyoxyalkylene group and at least one silicon atom bearing at least one hydrolyzable group, and is further coated with a film obtained by applying a composition containing at least one surfactant of formula F(CF.sub.2).sub.y(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x+1H (VIII), wherein x is an integer ranging from 1 to 14, y is an integer lower than or equal to 10, compounds of formula (VIII) in which y=6 representing at least 90% by weight by weight, relative to the weight of compounds (VIII) present in the composition, so as to form an antifog coating, having preferably a static contact angle with water lower than or equal to 10.

A method of producing a structure containing a phase-separated structure, including forming a layer containing a block copolymer on a substrate; applying a top coat material to the layer containing the block copolymer to form a top coat film; and subjecting the layer including the block copolymer having the top coat film formed thereon to annealing treatment so as to conduct a phase separation of the layer, the top coat material including an organic solvent component and a polymeric compound containing a structural unit having either a dicarboxylic acid or a salt of a dicarboxylic acid, and the organic solvent component containing water and an alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms.

A method of producing a structure containing a phase-separated structure, including forming a layer containing a block copolymer on a substrate; applying a top coat material to the layer containing the block copolymer to form a top coat film; and subjecting the layer including the block copolymer having the top coat film formed thereon to annealing treatment so as to conduct a phase separation of the layer, the top coat material including an organic solvent component and a polymeric compound containing a structural unit having either a dicarboxylic acid or a salt of a dicarboxylic acid, and the organic solvent component containing water and an alcohol having 3 or more carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to a self-renewing, anti-icing composition driven by a dehydrogenative reaction of a reactive hydrogen-rich compound catalyzed by nanoparticle immobilized catalysts, which is active under subzero temperatures. The disclosed coating displays a variety of properties including, but not limited to hydrophobicity, anti-wetting, and resistance to ice formation and ice adhesion. The novel anti-icing coating can be used on glass surfaces requiring optical clarity and transparency and can also be applied to a variety of smooth, roughened, or porous surfaces.