The present invention is a compound for forming a metal-containing film to be contained in a composition for forming a metal-containing film, where the compound is a metal compound including at least one kind of metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, and Hf and a ligand coordinated to the metal atom, and the ligand includes an organic group R.sup.A represented by one of the following general formulae (1). This provides: a metal compound having better dry etching resistance than conventional resist underlayer film materials and also having high filling and planarizing properties; a composition for forming a metal-containing film containing the compound; and a patterning process in which the composition is used as a resist material.

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The present invention concerns combinations of a water repellent alkyl ketene dimer as a component (I) and a water repellent metal alcoholate as a component (II) that are strongly synergistic in repelling water from water absorbing surfaces, resulting in a surprisingly long water droplet absorption time. The combinations of the invention can be applied to the surface of any material that has water absorbing properties such as, but not limited to, wood, woven and non-woven sheeting materials, paper, building materials, gypsum board, and leather.

A method for forming an oxidation protection system on a carbon-carbon composite structure comprises applying a silicone-based slurry to the carbon-carbon composite structure, the silicone-based slurry including metal pigments disposed therein; applying a sealing slurry to the silicone-based slurry; and heating the carbon-carbon composite structure.

A method for forming an oxidation protection system on a carbon-carbon composite structure comprises applying a silicone-based slurry to the carbon-carbon composite structure, the silicone-based slurry including metal pigments disposed therein; applying a sealing slurry to the silicone-based slurry; and heating the carbon-carbon composite structure.

A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes disposing a first coating on a surface, where that first coating comprises an organosilane, and disposing a second coating over the first coating, where the second coating comprises TiO.sub.2.

A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes disposing a first coating on a surface, where that first coating comprises an organosilane, and disposing a second coating over the first coating, where the second coating comprises TiO.sub.2.

A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes disposing a first coating on a surface, where that first coating comprises an organosilane, and disposing a second coating over the first coating, where the second coating comprises TiO.sub.2.

A method to prepare a self-decontaminating surface, where that method includes disposing a first coating on a surface, where that first coating comprises an organosilane, and disposing a second coating over the first coating, where the second coating comprises TiO.sub.2.

Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I):

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wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.

Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I):

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wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.