Provided are surface-coated inorganic particles and a method for manufacturing the same, whereby the dispersibility of inorganic particles in an organic solvent can be improved, and a function or performance of the inorganic particles can thereby be adequately demonstrated. In the present invention, surfaces of inorganic particles of titanium oxide or the like are coated with a reaction product of a silicate compound having an amino group, and/or a hydrolysis product thereof, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid halide, an acid anhydride, a sulfonic acid halide, and an isocyanate. The reaction product forming the coating is preferably a silicate compound having at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an amide bond, a sulfonamide bond, a urethane bond, and a urea bond, and/or a hydrolysis product thereof.

Provided are surface-coated inorganic particles and a method for manufacturing the same, whereby the dispersibility of inorganic particles in an organic solvent can be improved, and a function or performance of the inorganic particles can thereby be adequately demonstrated. In the present invention, surfaces of inorganic particles of titanium oxide or the like are coated with a reaction product of a silicate compound having an amino group, and/or a hydrolysis product thereof, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid halide, an acid anhydride, a sulfonic acid halide, and an isocyanate. The reaction product forming the coating is preferably a silicate compound having at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an amide bond, a sulfonamide bond, a urethane bond, and a urea bond, and/or a hydrolysis product thereof.

A dispersion liquid contains modified silica particles that are obtained by reacting silica particles which are surface-treated with a compound A represented by Formula Si(R.sup.A).sub.4-n(X.sup.A).sub.n, which has a reactive group, with a compound B which has a functional group reacting with the reactive group to form a bond and has an organic group, an organic solvent, and water, in which a content of water is 0.1 to 20.0 mass % with respect to a total mass of the modified silica particles. In Formula A, R.sup.A represents a monovalent organic group including the reactive group, X.sup.A represents a hydroxyl group or a monovalent hydrolyzable group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for a carbon nanofiber composite, which can obtain a carbon nanofiber composite with high productivity and high activity, and which does not require removal of fluidizing materials or dispersing materials. The present invention also provides a carbon nanofiber composite having improved dispersibility. The method for producing the carbon nanofiber composite includes bringing at least one catalyst and at least one particulate carbon material into contact with at least one gas containing at least one gaseous carbon-containing compound while mechanically stirring the catalyst and the particulate carbon material in a reactor. The carbon nanofiber composite includes carbon nanofibers and at least one particulate carbon material, wherein the particulate carbon material has 70% by volume or more of particles with a particle diameter of 1 μm or less, and/or a median diameter D50 by volume of 1 μm or less.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for a carbon nanofiber composite, which can obtain a carbon nanofiber composite with high productivity and high activity, and which does not require removal of fluidizing materials or dispersing materials. The present invention also provides a carbon nanofiber composite having improved dispersibility. The method for producing the carbon nanofiber composite includes bringing at least one catalyst and at least one particulate carbon material into contact with at least one gas containing at least one gaseous carbon-containing compound while mechanically stirring the catalyst and the particulate carbon material in a reactor. The carbon nanofiber composite includes carbon nanofibers and at least one particulate carbon material, wherein the particulate carbon material has 70% by volume or more of particles with a particle diameter of 1 μm or less, and/or a median diameter D50 by volume of 1 μm or less.

A composition for forming a metal-containing film, the composition including: a compound (A) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound (a1) containing a cationic functional group containing at least one of a primary nitrogen atom or a secondary nitrogen atom, and a compound (a2) which is a compound other than the compound (a1) and which contains a nitrogen atom; and a compound (B) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound (b1) containing a carboxy group and at least one of a germanium atom, a tin atom, a selenium atom or a zirconium atom, and an ester of the compound (b1).

A composition for forming a metal-containing film, the composition including: a compound (A) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound (a1) containing a cationic functional group containing at least one of a primary nitrogen atom or a secondary nitrogen atom, and a compound (a2) which is a compound other than the compound (a1) and which contains a nitrogen atom; and a compound (B) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound (b1) containing a carboxy group and at least one of a germanium atom, a tin atom, a selenium atom or a zirconium atom, and an ester of the compound (b1).

Durable superhydrophobic components have a superhydrophobic material disposed (e.g., disposed) thereon that exhibits an apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of ≥about 150° and a roll-off angle of about ≤15° for water after at least 100 abrasion cycles. The superhydrophobic material may comprise a low surface energy material and a polymeric material. The superhydrophobic material may be self-healing and capable of recovering its wettability after damage. In yet other aspects, a component comprises a surface that is superhydrophobic and reduces drag in turbulent flow conditions. The surface has an apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of ≥about 150° and a roll-off angle of ≤about 15° for water, and a product of dimensionless roughness (k.sup.+) and a higher-pressure contact angle hysteresis of less than or equal to about 5.8. Methods of making such materials are also provided.

Durable superhydrophobic components have a superhydrophobic material disposed (e.g., disposed) thereon that exhibits an apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of ≥about 150° and a roll-off angle of about ≤15° for water after at least 100 abrasion cycles. The superhydrophobic material may comprise a low surface energy material and a polymeric material. The superhydrophobic material may be self-healing and capable of recovering its wettability after damage. In yet other aspects, a component comprises a surface that is superhydrophobic and reduces drag in turbulent flow conditions. The surface has an apparent advancing dynamic contact angle of ≥about 150° and a roll-off angle of ≤about 15° for water, and a product of dimensionless roughness (k.sup.+) and a higher-pressure contact angle hysteresis of less than or equal to about 5.8. Methods of making such materials are also provided.

This invention relates to a multilayer coating film sequentially comprising, on a substrate, a colored coating film, an effect coating film, and a clear coating film, wherein the multilayer coating film has a lightness L*110 within a range of 60 to 90, the lightness L*110 being based on a spectral reflectance of light illuminated at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the coating surface and received at an angle of 110 degrees with respect to the specularly reflected light; a 60-degree specular gloss within a range of 105 to 180, a graininess HG within a range of 10 to 40; and a flip-flop value within a range of 1.0 to 1.8.