An apparatus (10) for preparation of acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen is proposed, comprising a reactor (12). The reactor (12) has a burner block (14) with a firing space for acetylene preparation, a secondary space (18) formed within the burner block (14), and an annular space (20) surrounding the secondary space (18). The burner block (14) has holes (22) for supply of a stream of a mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygen to the firing space and holes (24) for supply of a stream of auxiliary oxygen to the firing space. The holes (24) for supply of a stream of auxiliary oxygen to the firing space are connected to the secondary space (18). The secondary space (18) is connected to the annular space (20). There is a further proposal of a process for preparing acetylene and synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with oxygen.

A novel sulfonium salt having high sensitivity with respect to active energy rays, a photoacid generator including the sulfonium salt, and a photosensitive composition containing the photoacid generator. The sulfonium salt is represented by formula (a1). In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent the group that is represented by formula (a2) or an alkyl group that may be substituted by a halogen atom, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other and may form a ring with the sulfur atom within the formula, R.sup.3 is the group represented by formula (a3) or the group represented by formula (a4), A.sup.1 represents S or the like, X.sup.− represents a monovalent anion, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom. In formulas (a2) to (a4), the ring Z.sup.1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.9, and R.sup.10 each represents a specific monovalent group, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 each represents a specific divalent group, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represents S or the like, m1 represents an integer of 0 or more, and n1 and n2 each represent 0 or more.

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Provided is a light release additive for release sheets, the additive being capable of achieving a desired light release force with a small addition thereof to an organopolysiloxane composition for release sheets and of providing an excellent release coating such that the released adhesive sheet has a high subsequent adhesion. This light release additive for release sheets comprises an acryl-silicone-based graft copolymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 obtained by radical polymerization of (A) an organopolysiloxane compound having an acrylic group and/or a methacrylic group and (B) a radical polymerizable monomer having one radical polymerizable group per molecule.

Provided are compositions containing alkyl esters derived from triglyceride oils produced from genetically engineered microalgae. Specific embodiments relate to esters derived from oils with high C10-C12 fatty acid profile. Compositions comprising the esters include cleaning products, completion fluids, work-over fluids, drilling fluids, metal working fluids, lubricants, paints, and inks.

Provided are compositions containing alkyl esters derived from triglyceride oils produced from genetically engineered microalgae. Specific embodiments relate to esters derived from oils with high C10-C12 fatty acid profile. Compositions comprising the esters include cleaning products, completion fluids, work-over fluids, drilling fluids, metal working fluids, lubricants, paints, and inks.

Provided are aqueous resin solutions having unique rheologies and products incorporating the same. The water-based materials provided herein are thermo-thickening, and the materials increase dramatically in viscosity (at least 100 times) in a desired temperature range increase (20 C to <100 C) at ambient pressure. Suitable resins comprising a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group may be selected from an epoxy resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a polyurethane resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an acrylic-urethane resin, a melamine resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, an amino resin, and combinations thereof. A specific epoxy functional resin/polymer suitable for the resin solutions are prepared by reacting (A) an epoxy pre-polymer of (1) one or more polyols and (2) one or more epoxy functional materials with (B) a di- or polyamine, thereby forming the aqueous thermo-thickening resin solution. The resin solutions are substantially free of cross-linking agents.

A method for obtaining cochineal wax is provided which comprises (a) harvesting cochineal insects from an artificial medium inoculated with the insects; (b) extracting cochineal wax from the insects with a liquid medium; and (c) isolating cochineal wax from the liquid medium.

A method for obtaining cochineal wax is provided which comprises (a) harvesting cochineal insects from an artificial medium inoculated with the insects; (b) extracting cochineal wax from the insects with a liquid medium; and (c) isolating cochineal wax from the liquid medium.

A method of using high push force to fabricate a composite material containing carbon material comprises steps placing a substrate in a carbon material-containing dispersion including a carbon material, and letting one surface of the substrate contact the carbon material-containing dispersion; and providing a high push force range between 300 G and 3000 G to the carbon material-containing dispersion to push the carbon material-containing dispersion and make the carbon material enter the substrate to form a composite material containing the carbon material.

A method of using high push force to fabricate a composite material containing carbon material comprises steps placing a substrate in a carbon material-containing dispersion including a carbon material, and letting one surface of the substrate contact the carbon material-containing dispersion; and providing a high push force range between 300 G and 3000 G to the carbon material-containing dispersion to push the carbon material-containing dispersion and make the carbon material enter the substrate to form a composite material containing the carbon material.