The invention relates to oil formulation comprising C.sub.16-20 oils being stabilized for low temperature storage and preparation processes thereof. The invention also relates to the preparation of specific polymer compounds and their use as stabilizers for low temperature storage of C.sub.16-20 oils.

A heat-diffusion sheet when a needle electrode having a cone having a height of 3 mm and a bottom surface diameter of 0.75 mm at a distal end section, wherein a 2.0-kV current voltage having a frequency of 60 Hz, is penetrated stepwise every 10 μm but also retained for 60 seconds before the penetration, a distance between the distal end of the needle electrode and an aluminum plate at the time of dielectric breakdown of the heat-diffusion sheet is larger than 0 μm and 80 μm or less, or the needle electrode short-circuits the aluminum plate without dielectric breakdown of the heat-diffusion sheet. The method includes a step of pre-heating a composition for heat-diffusion sheet at a pre-heating temperature lower than a curing starting temperature; and a curing step of heating the composition for heat-diffusion sheet at a temperature of the curing starting temperature or higher while pressurizing the pre-heated composition sheet for heat-diffusion sheet.

A heat-diffusion sheet when a needle electrode having a cone having a height of 3 mm and a bottom surface diameter of 0.75 mm at a distal end section, wherein a 2.0-kV current voltage having a frequency of 60 Hz, is penetrated stepwise every 10 μm but also retained for 60 seconds before the penetration, a distance between the distal end of the needle electrode and an aluminum plate at the time of dielectric breakdown of the heat-diffusion sheet is larger than 0 μm and 80 μm or less, or the needle electrode short-circuits the aluminum plate without dielectric breakdown of the heat-diffusion sheet. The method includes a step of pre-heating a composition for heat-diffusion sheet at a pre-heating temperature lower than a curing starting temperature; and a curing step of heating the composition for heat-diffusion sheet at a temperature of the curing starting temperature or higher while pressurizing the pre-heated composition sheet for heat-diffusion sheet.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez, mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2, mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2, and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez, mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2, mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2, and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

Disclosed are solvency enhancer compositions, for example, as additives to lubricating oils and as formulated in lubricating oil compositions and associated methods of preparation and use thereof. The compositions and methods can dissolve at least one of oxidation products and other organic polar compounds, due to lubricant degradation, formed and suspended in oil compositions including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Further described are methods for dissolving organic deposits in an oil system including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oil system, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols. Also provided are methods for preventing sludge and varnish formation in in-service oils including adding an effective amount of a solvency enhancer to the oils, wherein the solvency enhancer includes Guerbet alcohols.

Water removal from humidified air and other water-laden gases may be complicated due to the need for large and expensive capital equipment or use of powder-form desiccants that may lead to pressure drops, poor throughput and energy-intensive recovery of water. Reversible water-absorbing constructs may alleviate these difficulties and comprise: a phase change polymer exhibiting a reversible hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition, and at least one additional material in contact with the phase change polymer, such as a water-sorptive material. The phase change polymer and the at least one additional material are formed as a plurality of filaments. Filaments formed from the phase change polymer may be generated through an electrospinning process, which may be arranged in various higher level constructs, such as in fibers, fabrics and non-woven filament mats capable of absorbing water from humidified air or other water-laden gases.

Barocaloric heat transfer systems and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, a heat transfer system may include a barocaloric material which may generate heat upon compression and may cool down upon decompression. The barocaloric material may be pressurized using high pressure and low pressure fluids, which may, in some embodiments, also transfer heat to/from the barocaloric material. The heat transfer system may also include a hot heat exchanger to dissipate heat from the heat transfer system to a first environment and a cold heat exchanger to absorb heat from a second environment, effectively cooling the second environment. In some embodiments, the barocaloric material may be in particulate form.

The invention describes a composite material for heat storage comprising a thermochemical material (TCM) encapsulated in a water vapour permeable polymeric material. The thermochemical material preferably comprises at least one salt, at least one salt hydrate or a mixture of these, wherein the salt is preferably capable of binding water in an exothermic reaction, such as calcium chloride. Encapsulation in a water vapour permeable polymeric material results in an improved stability, cyclability of the thermochemical material, a reduced regeneration temperature and reduced corrosion of the environment. The composite according to the invention is particularly suitable for energy storage, preferably in the field of building and construction, and more preferably in the seasonal storage of solar energy.

A fluid heating device includes a pressurizing chamber configured to store a working fluid and a heat accumulator disposed in the pressurizing chamber. The heat accumulator includes a heat accumulating member configured to release heat by receiving a pressure applied to the working fluid. The fluid heating device has improved actuation efficiency.