Various embodiments disclosed relate to wrinkled capsules for treatment of subterranean formations. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation. The method includes placing in the subterranean formation a composition comprising at least one wrinkled capsule. The wrinkled capsule includes a hydrophobic core and a wrinkled shell.

The invention is a fluid having a kinematic viscosity from 3 to 6 mm.sup.2/s, a flash point of higher than 120 C. and a pour point lower than 40 C., having a boiling point in the range of from 200 C. to 400 C. and a boiling range below 80 C., said fluid comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and less than 3% of naphthens by weight, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, containing less than 100 ppm aromatics by weight. The invention is also a drilling fluid and the use of the fluid to improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid.

A friction reducing treatment solution that includes water, from 100 to 500,000 ppm of total dissolved solids, and from 0.5 to 3 gallons per thousand gallons of a water-in-oil emulsion containing a water soluble polymer. The total dissolved solids include at least 10 weight percent of a multivalent cation. The water-in-oil emulsion includes an oil phase and an aqueous phase, where the oil phase is a continuous phase containing an inert hydrophobic liquid and the aqueous phase is present as dispersed distinct particles in the oil phase and contains water, the water soluble polymer, and surfactants and an inverting surfactant. The water soluble polymer is made up of 30 to 60 weight percent of a non-ionic monomer, 5 to 50 weight percent of a sulfonic acid containing monomer, and 10 to 60 weight percent of a cationic monomer and makes up from 5 to 40 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion.

A friction reducing treatment solution that includes water, from 100 to 500,000 ppm of total dissolved solids, and from 0.5 to 3 gallons per thousand gallons of a water-in-oil emulsion containing a water soluble polymer. The total dissolved solids include at least 10 weight percent of a multivalent cation. The water-in-oil emulsion includes an oil phase and an aqueous phase, where the oil phase is a continuous phase containing an inert hydrophobic liquid and the aqueous phase is present as dispersed distinct particles in the oil phase and contains water, the water soluble polymer, and surfactants and an inverting surfactant. The water soluble polymer is made up of 30 to 60 weight percent of a non-ionic monomer, 5 to 50 weight percent of a sulfonic acid containing monomer, and 10 to 60 weight percent of a cationic monomer and makes up from 5 to 40 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion.

The invention is a fluid having a kinematic viscosity from 3 to 6 mm.sup.2/s, a flash point of higher than 120? C. and a pour point lower than ?40? C., having a boiling point in the range of from 200? C. to 400? C. and a boiling range below 80? C., said fluid comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and less than 3% of naphthens by weight, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, containing less than 100 ppm aromatics by weight. The invention is also a drilling fluid and the use of the fluid to improve the viscosity of the drilling fluid.

This invention is a subterranean (non-hydraulic) shock fracturing system and process for fracturing oil and gas bearing formations. The system delivers small amounts of precisely placed explosive charges into the formation. These charges produce large diameter deep penetrations and by coupling to the rock concussively fracture the formation in the vicinity increasing permeability in the rock or strata. Shock fracturing (SF) is far more efficient than hydraulic fracturing (HF), SF fractures radially across all strata and leaves no part of the volume addressed un-permeated. The objective of the system is to efficiently increase permeability of the formation by directionally controlled concussive shattering of the rock around the epicenter of the detonation of the explosive charge deposited in the formation. This invention makes possible the delivery of measured quantities of explosive deep into a subterranean oil or gas bearing formation and detonate said explosive in order to fracture the formation in the local vicinity.

This invention is a subterranean (non-hydraulic) shock fracturing system and process for fracturing oil and gas bearing formations. The system delivers small amounts of precisely placed explosive charges into the formation. These charges produce large diameter deep penetrations and by coupling to the rock concussively fracture the formation in the vicinity increasing permeability in the rock or strata. Shock fracturing (SF) is far more efficient than hydraulic fracturing (HF), SF fractures radially across all strata and leaves no part of the volume addressed un-permeated. The objective of the system is to efficiently increase permeability of the formation by directionally controlled concussive shattering of the rock around the epicenter of the detonation of the explosive charge deposited in the formation. This invention makes possible the delivery of measured quantities of explosive deep into a subterranean oil or gas bearing formation and detonate said explosive in order to fracture the formation in the local vicinity.

The present disclosure relates to liquid enzyme formulations containing one or more alpha-amylases for use in starch processing, wherein the pH of the enzyme formulation is about pH 6.0-8.0, and methods of use thereof. The present disclosure further relates to methods of making a liquid enzyme formulation containing one or more alpha-amylase having improved stability, comprising titrating the pH of the liquid enzyme formulation to a range of pH 6.0-8.0.

Compositions and methods for use in treating hydrocarbon liquids are provided. Specifically, the compositions and methods of the present disclosure relate to additives including betaine and one or more organic acids. In some embodiments, an additive comprising betaine and an organic acid may be added to a hydrocarbon liquid. In certain embodiments, the additive may be added to a hydrocarbon liquid prior to a processing operation.

A spacer fluid includes an aphron generating component, a polymer, a lost circulation material, and a weighting agent component.