The present disclosure is related to a surfactant comprising at least one C8 to C30 branched alkanol alkoxylate, a process for the preparation of the surfactant, an article comprising the surfactant, and a use of the surfactant. Also disclosed are readily biodegradable surfactants obtained from branched aliphatic alcohols and including a polyethylene oxide block.

The present invention relates to an emulsion, preferably a water-in-oil emulsion. comprising: a continuous phase comprising a conductivity improving compound, a dispersed phase suspended in the continuous phase, and a surfactant. The present invention also relates to a population of droplets comprising an aqueous phase, dispersed in a continuous oily phase comprising an oil and a conductivity-improving compound. The present invention also relates to a microfluidic chip comprising a hydrophobic composition comprising an oil, a surfactant and a conductivity improving compound in an injection chamber configured so that injecting a hydroplilic composition through said injection means will generate an emulsion in the injection chamber; and to a kit comprising a microfluidic chip and a container comprising an aqueous composition. The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing an emulsion according to the invention. The present invention also provides methods for analyzing biological material, for example for analyzing biological material within the emulsion of the invention.

The present invention relates to an emulsion, preferably a water-in-oil emulsion. comprising: a continuous phase comprising a conductivity improving compound, a dispersed phase suspended in the continuous phase, and a surfactant. The present invention also relates to a population of droplets comprising an aqueous phase, dispersed in a continuous oily phase comprising an oil and a conductivity-improving compound. The present invention also relates to a microfluidic chip comprising a hydrophobic composition comprising an oil, a surfactant and a conductivity improving compound in an injection chamber configured so that injecting a hydroplilic composition through said injection means will generate an emulsion in the injection chamber; and to a kit comprising a microfluidic chip and a container comprising an aqueous composition. The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing an emulsion according to the invention. The present invention also provides methods for analyzing biological material, for example for analyzing biological material within the emulsion of the invention.

An apparatus for converting heavy hydrocarbons to light hydrocarbons includes an inlet capable of supplying a pre-foaming mixture comprising a hydrocarbon to be processed and a processing gas, wherein the processing gas is dissolved in the hydrocarbon to be processed; a foam generator configured to receive the pre-foaming mixture at a first pressure, compress the pre-foaming mixture to a second pressure that is higher than the first pressure by routing it through a nozzle; and generate a foam by allowing the pre-foaming mixture at the second pressure to expand in a chamber at a third pressure that is lower than the first or second pressures; a plasma reactor, wherein the plasma reactor is capable of receiving the foam and comprises at least one pair of spark gap electrodes capable of subjecting the foam to a plasma discharge to yield a processed mixture; and an outlet capable of receiving the processed mixture.

Methods for resolving emulsions in a hydrocarbon stream by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a demulsifying composition are disclosed. Demulsifying compositions for treating a hydrocarbon stream are also disclosed, wherein the demulsifying composition comprises at least one C4-C12 alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin alkoxylate.

Methods for resolving emulsions in a hydrocarbon stream by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a demulsifying composition are disclosed. Demulsifying compositions for treating a hydrocarbon stream are also disclosed, wherein the demulsifying composition comprises at least one C4-C12 alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin alkoxylate.

The invention provides dispersed inorganic mixed metal oxide pigment compositions in a hydrocarbon media utilizing a dispersant having polyisobutylene succinic anhydride structure reacted with a non-polymeric amino ether/alcohol to disperse a mixed metal oxide pigment in the media. The metal oxide pigment is of the type used to color ceramic or glass articles. A milling process using beads is also described to reduce the mixed metal oxide particle size to the desired range. A method of using the mixed metal oxide dispersion to digitally print an image on a ceramic or glass article using the dispersion jetted through a nozzle and subsequently firing the colored article is also described.

Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF=CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

The present invention relates to a process of producing a nano Omega-3 microemulsion system includes: (i) preparing a dispersal phase by heating Omega-3; (ii) preparing a carrier by heating a liquid PEG (polyethylene glycol); (iii) adding the carrier to the dispersal phase; (iv) emulsifying as follows: when the temperature arrives at 60° C., adding ACRYSOL K-140 to the mixture of the carrier and dispersal phase in step (iii), continuing to stir at a speed of 500 to 700 rpm, at a temperature of 60 to 80° C., in vacuum, for 3 to 5 hours, controlling the quality of resulting product by dissolving into water and measuring the transparency, the reaction is quenched, the temperature is decreased slowly until it is in the range of 40 to 60° C.; emulsifying for the entire mixture for 30 minutes; (v) filtrating the product by injecting through nanofilter system before filling-packaging.

The present invention relates to a process of producing a nano Omega-3 microemulsion system includes: (i) preparing a dispersal phase by heating Omega-3; (ii) preparing a carrier by heating a liquid PEG (polyethylene glycol); (iii) adding the carrier to the dispersal phase; (iv) emulsifying as follows: when the temperature arrives at 60° C., adding ACRYSOL K-140 to the mixture of the carrier and dispersal phase in step (iii), continuing to stir at a speed of 500 to 700 rpm, at a temperature of 60 to 80° C., in vacuum, for 3 to 5 hours, controlling the quality of resulting product by dissolving into water and measuring the transparency, the reaction is quenched, the temperature is decreased slowly until it is in the range of 40 to 60° C.; emulsifying for the entire mixture for 30 minutes; (v) filtrating the product by injecting through nanofilter system before filling-packaging.