A display device, an electronic device, or a lighting device that is unlikely to be broken is provided. A flexible first substrate and a flexible second substrate overlap with each other with a display element provided therebetween. A flexible third substrate is bonded on the outer surface of the first substrate, and a flexible fourth substrate is bonded on the outer surface of the second substrate. The third substrate is formed using a material softer than the first substrate, and the fourth substrate is formed using a material softer than the second substrate.

A coated glass substrate. The coated glass substrate comprises a glass sheet having a thickness from 0.1 to 0.7 mm and coated on a first side with a first optical layer having a positive photo-elastic constant and coated on a second side with a second optical layer having a negative photo-elastic constant.

Three-dimensional structures of stably associated mesogenic ligand-functionalized nanoparticles are provided. Compositions that include these structures, as well as methods of making the structures are also provided. The structures, compositions and methods find use in a variety of applications, such as light emitting devices (e.g., video displays, lights, etc.), inks, photonics and encapsulation technologies.

Disclosed is a color material dispersion liquid for a color filter, the dispersion liquid having excellent dispersibility and being capable of forming a high-contrast, high-luminance coating film; a color resin composition for a color filter, the composition having excellent dispersibility and being capable of forming a high-contrast, high-luminance coating film; a color material with excellent dispersibility; a high-contrast and high-luminance color filter; a liquid crystal display device including the color filter, and a light-emitting display device including the color filter. The color material dispersion liquid for a color filter, includes: (A) a color material, (B) a dispersant and (C) a solvent, wherein the color material (A) contains a zirconium lake color material of an acid dye.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) display of the FFS type comprising a liquid crystal medium with negative dielectric anisotropy and a di- or multireactive polymerizable compound, and an alignment layer inducing planar alignment in the LC medium.

To provide a liquid crystal display device, whereby transparency when no voltage is applied and scattering properties when a voltage is applied, are good, adhesion between a liquid crystal layer and a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high, and its lifespan is long even in a severe environment. The liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer formed by disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and irradiating and curing the composition with ultraviolet rays by an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus, and at least one of the substrates is provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal, wherein the ultraviolet irradiation apparatus is an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus capable of controlling the irradiation light intensity and wavelength of the ultraviolet rays to be irradiated and the surface temperature of the pair of the substrates, the liquid crystal composition contains a compound represented by the formula [1], and the liquid crystal alignment film is a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment treating agent containing a polymer having a side chain structure represented by the formula [2-1] or formula [2-2].

X.sup.1-X.sup.2-X.sup.3-X.sup.4-X.sup.5-X.sup.6X.sup.7.sub.pX.sup.8  [1]

(X.sup.1 is a specific side chain structure; X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 and X.sup.6 are each a single bond, etc.; X.sup.5 and X.sup.7 are each a benzene ring, etc.; p is an integer of from 0 to 4; and X.sup.8 is a C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, etc.),

—Y.sup.1-Y.sup.2-Y.sup.3-Y.sup.4Y.sup.5.sub.nY.sup.6  [2-1]

(Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 are each a single bond; Y.sup.4 and Y.sup.5 are each a benzene ring, etc.; n is from 0 to 4; and Y.sup.6 is a C.sub.1-18 alkyl group, etc.,

—Y.sup.7-Y.sup.8  [2-2]

(Y.sup.7 is a single bond; and Y.sup.8 is a C.sub.8-22 alkyl group, etc.).

A retardation film including a stacked structure including 2m tilt +C plates with m as a positive integer and a +A plate disposed over the 2m tilt +C plates. Each of the 2m tilt +C plates includes a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer includes a material satisfying nx≠ny<nz, wherein a longitudinal direction axis of the retardation film is an X-axis, a width direction axis of the retardation film substantially perpendicular to the X-axis is a Y-axis, a thickness direction axis of the retardation film substantially perpendicular to the X-axis and the Y-axis is a Z-axis, and refractive indexes of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis respectively correspond to nx, ny, and nz.

Provided are a liquid crystal device, a composition capable of forming a liquid crystal layer, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device, a system for manufacturing the liquid crystal device, and a use of the liquid crystal device. The liquid crystal device is a device capable of exhibiting, for example, a normally white or black mode, which may exhibit a high contrast ratio and be driven with a low driving voltage, and exhibit excellent durability such as thermal stability. Such a liquid crystal device may be applied to various optical modulators such as a smart window, a window protective film, a flexible display device, an active retarder for displaying 3D images, or a viewing angle control film.

A refrigerator includes a door with a transparent display assembly that includes a front panel defining at least a portion of a front surface of the door, a touch sensor disposed on a rear surface of the front panel to recognize touch manipulation, a rear panel defining at least a portion of a rear surface of the door, an insulation coating layer provided on a surface of the rear panel by a metal oxide to block heat from the outside, an outer spacer disposed between the front panel and the rear panel to provide a sealed space between the front panel and the rear panel, a display disposed in the sealed space, a light guide plate spaced apart from the display to brighten up the display, and a spacer supporting the light guide plate and maintaining a distance between the display and the light guide plate.

There is provided a method of manufacturing a hard coat film having a hard coat layer on at least one side of a transparent support, the method includes curing a hard coat layer forming composition containing (a) a compound having one alicyclic epoxy group and one ethylenically unsaturated double bond group in a molecule and having a molecular weight of 300 or less, (b) a compound having three or more ethylenically unsaturated double bond groups in a molecule, (c) a radical polymerization initiator, and (d) a cationic polymerization initiator in a specific amount.