A method is provided for reducing foaming within a coke drum of a delayed coking unit. The method may include forming a plastic mixture including a plastic material and a carrier. The method may also include injecting the plastic mixture into the coke drum during operation of the coke drum.

Integrated processes and systems for the production of distillate hydrocarbons and coke. The process may include feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a residuum hydrocarbon fraction, to a residue hydrocracking reactor system to convert hydrocarbons therein, producing a hydrocracked effluent. The hydrocracked effluent may then be fed to a separation system, separating the hydrocracked effluent into one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions and a vacuum residue fraction. The vacuum residue fraction may be fed to a coker system, converting the vacuum residue fraction into a coke product and a coker vapor effluent, recovering the coke product, and feeding the coker vapor effluent to the separation system. The one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions are hydroprocessed to produce a hydroprocessed effluent, and the hydroprocessed effluent is separated into product distillate hydrocarbon fractions.

Integrated processes and systems for the production of distillate hydrocarbons and coke. The process may include feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising a residuum hydrocarbon fraction, to a residue hydrocracking reactor system to convert hydrocarbons therein, producing a hydrocracked effluent. The hydrocracked effluent may then be fed to a separation system, separating the hydrocracked effluent into one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions and a vacuum residue fraction. The vacuum residue fraction may be fed to a coker system, converting the vacuum residue fraction into a coke product and a coker vapor effluent, recovering the coke product, and feeding the coker vapor effluent to the separation system. The one or more distillate hydrocarbon fractions are hydroprocessed to produce a hydroprocessed effluent, and the hydroprocessed effluent is separated into product distillate hydrocarbon fractions.

This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.

The present invention utilizes mechanical vapor compression and/or thermal vapor compression integrating compression loops across multiple process stages. A sequential network of compressors is utilized to increase the pressure and condensing temperature of the vapors within each process stage, as intra-vapor flow, and branching between process stages, as inter-vapor flow. Because the vapors available are shared among and between compressor stages, the number of compressors can be reduced, improving economics. Balancing vapor mass flow through incremental compressor stages which traverse multiple process stages by splitting vapors between compressor stages enables the overall vapor-compression system to be tailored to individual process energy requirements and to accommodate dynamic fluctuations in process conditions.

The present invention utilizes mechanical vapor compression and/or thermal vapor compression integrating compression loops across multiple process stages. A sequential network of compressors is utilized to increase the pressure and condensing temperature of the vapors within each process stage, as intra-vapor flow, and branching between process stages, as inter-vapor flow. Because the vapors available are shared among and between compressor stages, the number of compressors can be reduced, improving economics. Balancing vapor mass flow through incremental compressor stages which traverse multiple process stages by splitting vapors between compressor stages enables the overall vapor-compression system to be tailored to individual process energy requirements and to accommodate dynamic fluctuations in process conditions.

An oil sludge pyrolysis device, including an outer cylinder body and an inner cylinder body, a spiral conveyor belt being provided on an inner wall of the inner cylinder body, and thermally conductive pipes being provided on the spiral conveyor belt. The device enlarges the heat exchange area during oil sludge pyrolysis, improves the heat exchange efficiency and the heat utilization rate, and increases the pyrolysis speed of oil sludge at a low temperature.

An oil sludge pyrolysis device, including an outer cylinder body and an inner cylinder body, a spiral conveyor belt being provided on an inner wall of the inner cylinder body, and thermally conductive pipes being provided on the spiral conveyor belt. The device enlarges the heat exchange area during oil sludge pyrolysis, improves the heat exchange efficiency and the heat utilization rate, and increases the pyrolysis speed of oil sludge at a low temperature.

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for upgrading refinery residue feedstock. Step a) may include introducing the refinery residue feedstock into a fluidized bed reactor as a solid. In step b), the refinery residue feedstock may be heated to a devolatilizing and thermal cracking temperature in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a product stream comprising gaseous hydrocarbons and solid coke. The gaseous hydrocarbons may be subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing, in step c), in the presence of molecular hydrogen to increase the hydrogen to carbon ratio and lower the average molecular weight of the gaseous hydrocarbons. In step d), the gaseous hydrocarbons may be separated from the solid coke. In step e), the gaseous hydrocarbons from step d) may be subjected to further processing to produce at least one of: C1-C3 hydrocarbons, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha range hydrocarbons, and middle distillate range hydrocarbons.

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for upgrading refinery residue feedstock. Step a) may include introducing the refinery residue feedstock into a fluidized bed reactor as a solid. In step b), the refinery residue feedstock may be heated to a devolatilizing and thermal cracking temperature in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a product stream comprising gaseous hydrocarbons and solid coke. The gaseous hydrocarbons may be subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing, in step c), in the presence of molecular hydrogen to increase the hydrogen to carbon ratio and lower the average molecular weight of the gaseous hydrocarbons. In step d), the gaseous hydrocarbons may be separated from the solid coke. In step e), the gaseous hydrocarbons from step d) may be subjected to further processing to produce at least one of: C1-C3 hydrocarbons, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha range hydrocarbons, and middle distillate range hydrocarbons.