Catalytic conversion of ketoacids is disclosed, including methods for increasing the molecular weight of ketoacids. An exemplary method includes providing in a reactor a feedstock having at least one ketoacid. The feedstock is then subjected to one or more C—C-coupling reaction(s) in the presence of a catalyst system having a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide.

A Hydro Disambiguative Catalytic Donor Recombination process and apparatus that uses Water, Sunlight (for energy) and any Organic liquid carbon donor source (Plant (vegetable oils) and Animal Fat (fortified butter or ghee) to produce flammable fuel consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 Hydrocarbons, and we call this gas as Organic Petroleum Gas (NPG), which has the same composition as a petroleum gas obtained from fossil source.

This disclosure relates to the field of renewable oil compositions and to the use of renewable oil compositions for production of hydrocarbon compositions, which can be used for traffic fuels and other solutions. An exemplary composition contains free fatty acids and triglycerides, in a concentration of free fatty acids from 15 wt-% to 80 wt-% and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides. A method for producing hydrocarbons from a renewable oil feedstock, in which the feedstock which contains free fatty acids from 15 wt-% to 80 wt-%, and a remainder being predominantly triglycerides, is subjected to a pretreatment process followed by a hydrotreatment process for obtaining hydrocarbons.

The present invention discloses a catalytic process for the manufacture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons simultaneously in the same reactor from renewable source, i.e. lipids, glycerides and fatty acids from plant, animal or algae oil, where in the multiple unstaurations in the renewable feedstock and the catalytic intermediates produced in the process from renewable feedstock is converted catalytically using simultaneous combination of in-situ occurring reactions. These in-situ occurring reactions are simultaneous combination of hydroconversion, reforming and water gas shift reactions wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of one or more metal sulfides form of metals of Group VI and/or Group IX and/or Group X elements, specifically comprises of one or more active metal combinations such as Co, W, Mo, Ni, P, with Pt, Pd encapsulated inside sodalite cages for prevention against poisoning from sulfur based compounds. The hydroconversion comprises of reactions in presence of hydrogen such as hydrocracking, dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, cyclization and aromatization reactions. The catalyst along with the active metals also includes porous silica-alumina, zeolite, silica, alumina, silicoaluminophosphates or a combination of two or more thereof used as support for the above said process. These catalysts are loaded in a graded beds (two or more beds of different catalyst mixtures) or simultaneously (mixture of different catalyst systems) and reacted specifically at lower temperatures than the steam reforming conditions i.e. at pressure from 10 to 150 atmosphere, average temperature of the catalytic bed from 250° C. to 500° C., space-velocity of from 0.5 h.sup.−1 to 8 h.sup.−1, and hydrogen to feed ratio of from 300 NL of hydrogen/L of feed to 3500 NL hydrogen/L of feed., Initially hydrogen gas is supplied for conversion of the renewable feed stocks, as the reaction process the hydrogen consumed during the conversion of plant, animal or algae oil into hydrocarbons is balanced from the in-situ reactions such as reforming, dehydrogenation, water gas shift etc occurring during the same process. This production of hydrogen makes the entire process refinery independent and more economical and sustainable. Along with hydrogen the renewable feed stock is also converted into hydrocarbons ranging between C1-C24 carbon number, comprising of n-paraffins, isoparaffins, cyclo paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and polynuclear aromatics.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fuels comprising renewable content. More particularly, the technology relates to manufacture of renewable diesel for potential use as aviation turbine fuel blendstock.

A fluidized bed reactor, a device, and a method for producing low-carbon olefins from oxygen-containing compound are provided. The fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor shell, a reaction zone, a coke control zone and a delivery pipe, where there are n baffles arranged in the coke control zone, and the n baffles divide the coke control zone into n sub-coke control zones which include a first sub-coke control zone, a second sub-coke control zone, and an nth sub-coke control zone; at least one catalyst circulation hole is provided on each of the n-1 baffles, so that the catalyst flows in an annular shape in the coke control zone, where n is an integer. The device and method can be adapted to a new generation of DMTO catalyst, and the unit consumption of production ranges from 2.50 to 2.58 tons of methanol/ton of low-carbon olefins.

A fluidized bed reactor includes a main shell and a coke control zone shell; the main shell includes an upper shell and a lower shell; the upper shell encloses a gas-solid separation zone, and the lower shell encloses a reaction zone; the reaction zone axially communicates with the gas-solid separation zone; the coke control zone shell is circumferentially arranged on an outer wall of the main shell; the coke control zone shell and the main shell enclose an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is a coke control zone; n baffles are radially arranged in the coke control zone, and the n baffles divide the coke control zone into n coke control zone subzones, where n is an integer; the coke control zone subzones are provided with a coke control raw material inlet; and a catalyst circulation hole is formed in each of n-1 of the baffles.

A coke control reactor, and a device and method for preparing low-carbon olefins from an oxygen-containing compound are provided. The coke control reactor includes a coke control reactor shell, a reaction zone I, and a coke controlled catalyst settling zone; a cross-sectional area at any position of the reaction zone I is less than that of the coke controlled catalyst settling zone; n baffles are arranged in a vertical direction in the reaction zone I; the n baffles divide the reaction zone I into m reaction zone I subzones; and a catalyst circulation hole is formed in each of the baffles, such that a catalyst flows in the reaction zone I in a preset manner. A catalyst charge in the present coke control reactor can be automatically adjusted, and an average residence time of a catalyst in the coke control reactor can be controlled by changing process operating conditions.

The invention relates to method and plant for the production of high-octane gasolines from raw hydrocarbon fractions, fractions of gaseous olefins and oxygenates. A method has been proposed, wherein the feedstock component flow is supplied to a unit for supplying flows to be treated, into the reactor, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a zeolite-containing catalyst, high-octane gasoline is isolated by separation of the conversion product, while diverting simultaneously the reaction water and the exhaust gases. A reactor contains at least two reaction zones, between which there are further arranged means for mixing the reaction product from the previous reaction zone and the supplied oxygenates and olefin-containing feed-stock, whereas using the unit for supplying flows there is supplied a flow oxygenates and olefin-containing feedstock and the flow of raw hydrocarbon fractions into the first reaction zone of the reactor, and the flow oxygenates and olefin-containing feedstock into the second reaction zone of the reactor.

The present invention addresses to a hydrothermal liquefaction process capable of generating a liquid stream, rich in renewable molecules, with lower oxygen content, lower percentage of water and lower acidity compared to other products of thermochemical processes of biomass conversion. In order to effectively carry out this process, a catalyst was developed, obtained from the calcination of castor bean hull, to be used in the field of biofuels in order to provide an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of fuels.