Methods of simultaneously converting butanes and methanol to olefins over Ti-containing zeolite catalysts are described. The exothermicity of the alcohols to olefins reaction is matched by endothermicity of dehydrogenation reaction of butane(s) to light olefins resulting in a thermo-neutral process. The Ti-containing zeolites provide excellent selectivity to light olefins as well as exceptionally high hydrothermal stability. The coupled reaction may advantageously be conducted in a staged reactor with methanol/DME conversion zones alternating with zones for butane(s) dehydrogenation. The resulting light olefins can then be reacted with iso-butane to produce high-octane alkylate. The net result is a highly efficient and low cost method for converting methanol and butanes to alkylate.

Provided is a conversion process for an inferior oil, relating to the field of biomass utilization, energy and chemical industry. The conversion process is carried out in presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an iron oxide compound, a desulfurization waste agent resulting from use of an iron oxide compound as desulfurizer, and a regeneration product of the desulfurization waste agent, under a controlled molar ratio of iron element to sulfur element. It is found that free radical condensation polymerization of inferior oil during cracking process can be blocked effectively by using carbonylation, and hydrogenation is achieved with active hydrogen produced from the conversion of CO and water. In the conversion process, inferior oil can be, directly converted, thereby increasing liquefaction yield and calorific value of the obtained oils. No large amount of waste water is generated after completion of the conversion.

An integrated production plant system includes, at one production site at least two plants of different kinds selected from a renewable paraffinic fuel plant to produce renewable paraffinic fuel in a renewable paraffinic fuel process, a renewable fatty acid alkyl ester (FAAE) fuel plant to produce renewable FAAE fuel in a renewable FAAE process, a renewable base oil plant to produce renewable base oil in a renewable base oil process, and a renewable chemical plant to produce renewable chemical in a renewable chemical process. Each of the processes is provided with a respective renewable feed, where the feed of each of the processes originates from a common renewable system feed, and the feed to at least one of the processes is altered for example by directing at least part of the feed of at least one of the processes to another of the processes.

Disclosed is a method for preparing bio-oil, which can be used as bio heavy fuel oil and bio marine oil, from a fatty acid with high acid value. The method for preparing bio-oil comprises the steps of: inputting materials comprising glycerine and a fatty acid into respective material input ports positioned in the center of a column-type reactor and esterification reacting the material comprising glycerine and fatty acid in each tray of a reaction area, thereby producing glyceride and water, wherein the column-type reactor has the plurality of trays installed inside the reactor so as to form a plurality of compartments in the vertical direction inside the reactor, openings are formed in the plurality of trays to connect the compartments which are vertically adjacent, and the openings of the adjacent compartments are alternately formed in a crisscrossing manner; obtaining the produced glyceride through a lower part of the reactor; and vaporizing the water produced by the esterification reaction, moving the water in a vapor state to a distillation area in an upper part of the reactor to separate the water from active components (reaction material and bio-oil) comprised in the vapor, allowing the separated active components to flow into the reaction area, and removing the separated water through the upper part of the reactor in a vapor state. The acid value of the glyceride is 30 mgKOH/g or lower, and the esterification reaction is performed at a reaction temperature of 200 to 250° C. and at ordinary pressure without using a catalyst.

Disclosed is a method for preparing bio-oil, which can be used as bio heavy fuel oil and bio marine oil, from a fatty acid with high acid value. The method for preparing bio-oil comprises the steps of: inputting materials comprising glycerine and a fatty acid into respective material input ports positioned in the center of a column-type reactor and esterification reacting the material comprising glycerine and fatty acid in each tray of a reaction area, thereby producing glyceride and water, wherein the column-type reactor has the plurality of trays installed inside the reactor so as to form a plurality of compartments in the vertical direction inside the reactor, openings are formed in the plurality of trays to connect the compartments which are vertically adjacent, and the openings of the adjacent compartments are alternately formed in a crisscrossing manner; obtaining the produced glyceride through a lower part of the reactor; and vaporizing the water produced by the esterification reaction, moving the water in a vapor state to a distillation area in an upper part of the reactor to separate the water from active components (reaction material and bio-oil) comprised in the vapor, allowing the separated active components to flow into the reaction area, and removing the separated water through the upper part of the reactor in a vapor state. The acid value of the glyceride is 30 mgKOH/g or lower, and the esterification reaction is performed at a reaction temperature of 200 to 250° C. and at ordinary pressure without using a catalyst.

An entirely water-based, energy self-sufficient, integrated in-line waste management system is provided for comprehensive conversion of all organic fractions of municipal and wider community waste to fuels suitable for use in transportation, with all solid residues converted to high nutrition compost. The system is based on a combination of pre-treatment, involving alkaline hydrolysis and saponification; three-way separation of the pre-treated waste into different streams that are each directed to suitable further processing including fuel production; which includes biodiesel generation in a continuous-flow catalytic esterification unit, and anaerobic digestion to produce methane or other small molecule biofuel. Remaining solids are converted to compost in a quasi-continuous process.

An entirely water-based, energy self-sufficient, integrated in-line waste management system is provided for comprehensive conversion of all organic fractions of municipal and wider community waste to fuels suitable for use in transportation, with all solid residues converted to high nutrition compost. The system is based on a combination of pre-treatment, involving alkaline hydrolysis and saponification; three-way separation of the pre-treated waste into different streams that are each directed to suitable further processing including fuel production; which includes biodiesel generation in a continuous-flow catalytic esterification unit, and anaerobic digestion to produce methane or other small molecule biofuel. Remaining solids are converted to compost in a quasi-continuous process.

This application relates to renewable diesel production and to production of renewable naphtha in a renewable diesel unit. Disclosed herein is an example of a method of renewable diesel production. Examples embodiments of the method may include hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock; contacting at least a portion of the hydrotreated biofeedstock with a dewaxing catalyst to produce a renewable diesel product and a renewable naphtha product; separating the renewable diesel product and the renewable naphtha product in a product splitter; and monitoring an octane number of the renewable naphtha product with an analyzer.

The invention relates to a method of separating and purifying products from a hydrothermal and/or solvothermal conversion process of carbonaceous material adapted to convert a feed stream comprising carbonaceous material at a pressure of at least 100 bar and a temperature of at least 300° C., where the converted feed stream (product mixture) comprises a mixture of CO.sub.2 containing gas, an oil phase, an aqueous phase comprising water soluble organics and dissolved salts, and inorganic solid phase; where the product mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range 40 to 250° C., and depressurized to a pressure in the range 1 to 30 bar, the method comprising —separating a gas comprising CO.sub.2 from the product mixture in a degasser such as a flash separator, and —separating a water phase from the at least partly degassed converted feed mixture in a first separation step of the separation, and adding washing agents in the form of an acidifying agent and a diluent to the at least partly degassed and at least partly dewatched product mixture, and seperating the mixture with added washing agents into an oil rich phase, a water rich phase and a solid rich phase in a second step of the separation process, anf further at least partly recovering the diluent from the oil rich phase.

A method for forming a desired hydrocarbon fuel product from a mixed oxygenate feedstock by utilizing chemical processes to form ketones from the oxygenate feed, upgrade the ketones, recycle selected upgraded ketones through the upgrading process to obtain a desired intermediate and hydrogenating the desired intermediate to obtain the desired hydrocarbon fuel product. In various alternative configurations and embodiments this can be accomplished in a number of ways, and originate in a number of different positions and occasions.