The present application generally relates to catalytically preparing liquid fuel products with an improved product mix by co-processing a plurality of reactants in in refinery or field-upgrading operations. The reactants may include, for example, petroleum fraction and a biocrude oil having an alcohol additive.

An injection device is described herein, which is configured to atomize a liquid into droplets using a gas. The injection device has a body with walls defining a recess, a liquid inlet orifice being formed laterally in the walls, and a gas injection assembly in which there is formed a passage for the circulation of gas between a gas inlet orifice at one end of the recess and a gas outlet orifice situated inside the recess. The assembly defines, with the walls of the body, a space for the circulation of liquid from the liquid inlet orifice to the constriction. The walls of the body define a constriction having a throat, downstream of the gas outlet orifice, and the injection device is arranged in such a way that the stream of gas at the outlet orifice covers a wall portion in close proximity to the throat.

An injection device is described herein, which is configured to atomize a liquid into droplets using a gas. The injection device has a body with walls defining a recess, a liquid inlet orifice being formed laterally in the walls, and a gas injection assembly in which there is formed a passage for the circulation of gas between a gas inlet orifice at one end of the recess and a gas outlet orifice situated inside the recess. The assembly defines, with the walls of the body, a space for the circulation of liquid from the liquid inlet orifice to the constriction. The walls of the body define a constriction having a throat, downstream of the gas outlet orifice, and the injection device is arranged in such a way that the stream of gas at the outlet orifice covers a wall portion in close proximity to the throat.

A method of converting a liquid hydrocarbon stream to lower boiling point hydrocarbons includes converting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to an aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream, introducing a charge to the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to produce a charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream including positively charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particles or negatively charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particles, contacting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream with an aerosolized reaction catalyst, subjecting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to reaction conditions, thereby forming the lower boiling point hydrocarbons, and separating the lower boiling point hydrocarbons from the charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream. The reaction conditions include a temperature of from 25° C. to 1,000° C. and a pressure of from 0 bar to 15 bar. The lower boiling point hydrocarbons includes at least C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefins.

A method of converting a liquid hydrocarbon stream to lower boiling point hydrocarbons includes converting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to an aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream, introducing a charge to the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to produce a charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream including positively charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particles or negatively charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particles, contacting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream with an aerosolized reaction catalyst, subjecting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to reaction conditions, thereby forming the lower boiling point hydrocarbons, and separating the lower boiling point hydrocarbons from the charged aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream. The reaction conditions include a temperature of from 25° C. to 1,000° C. and a pressure of from 0 bar to 15 bar. The lower boiling point hydrocarbons includes at least C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefins.

Methods and systems for producing aromatics and light olefins from a mixed plastics stream are described. The method may include feeding a plastic feedstock to a dechlorination operation to melt the plastic feedstock to release HCl and generate a liquid plastic stream; feeding the liquid plastic stream to a pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis reactor to generate hydrocarbon vapors; feeding the hydrocarbon vapors to an acid gas removal reactor with a solid inorganic alkali salt disposed within the reaction vessel to remove residual HCl and sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrocarbon vapors to generate a plastic derived oil; and feeding the plastic derived oil to a steam enhanced catalytic cracking reactor to generate a product stream comprising light olefins having a carbon number of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 and aromatics. The associated system for processing mixed plastics into aromatics and light olefins is also described.

Methods and systems for producing aromatics and light olefins from a mixed plastics stream are described. The method may include feeding a plastic feedstock to a dechlorination operation to melt the plastic feedstock to release HCl and generate a liquid plastic stream; feeding the liquid plastic stream to a pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis reactor to generate hydrocarbon vapors; feeding the hydrocarbon vapors to an acid gas removal reactor with a solid inorganic alkali salt disposed within the reaction vessel to remove residual HCl and sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrocarbon vapors to generate a plastic derived oil; and feeding the plastic derived oil to a steam enhanced catalytic cracking reactor to generate a product stream comprising light olefins having a carbon number of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 and aromatics. The associated system for processing mixed plastics into aromatics and light olefins is also described.

A method is disclosed for preparing an aviation fuel composition by subjecting a feedstock of biological and/or recycled origin to cracking in a cracking unit and to fractionation in a fractionation unit to obtain a kerosene fraction. The obtained kerosene fraction is subjected to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a first jet fuel component. The formed first jet fuel component is mixed with a further jet fuel component to form a fuel composition having a wear scar diameter of 0.78 mm or less, as measured with BOCLE lubricity test method according to ASTM D5001. The feedstock contains one or more of tall oil pitch (TOP), a mixture of sludge palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate and animal fat (FATS), and used lubricant oil (ULO).

A method for operating an acetylene hydrogenation unit in an integrated steam cracking-fluidized catalytic dehydrogenation (FCDh) system may include separating a cracked gas from a steam cracking system and an FCDh effluent from an FCDh system into a hydrogenation feed and an acetylene-depleted stream, the hydrogenation feed comprising at least hydrogen, CO, and acetylene. During normal operating conditions, at least 20% of the CO in the hydrogenation feed is from the cracked gas. The method may include contacting the hydrogenation feed with an acetylene hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate at least a portion of the acetylene in the hydrogenation feed to produce a hydrogenated effluent. The steam cracking is operated under conditions that increase CO production such that a concentration of CO in the cracked gas is great enough that when a flowrate of the FCDh effluent is zero, a CO concentration in the hydrogenation feed is at least 100 ppmv.

The invention relates to a method and a system for producing a hydrocarbon- and hydrogen-containing gas mixture from plastics, and the use of the system for producing this gas mixture and the use of this gas mixture as a starting material in chemical syntheses or for gas supply.