A combination of at least one basic compound, such as potassium hydroxide, together with at least one aldehyde donor can synergistically scavenge mercaptans from organic fluids, such as hydrocarbons, where “synergistically effective” is defined as the amount of mercaptans scavenged is greater as compared with a combination where either the basic compound or the reaction product is absent, used in the same total amount.

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

Integrated hydrotreating and steam pyrolysis processes for the direct processing of a crude oil to produce olefinic and aromatic petrochemicals.

A method of scavenging acid sulfide species from an industrial or environmental material, the method comprising contacting the material with: (a) propenal and/or maleimide and/or ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetate; and (b) a base.

A method of scavenging acid sulfide species from an industrial or environmental material, the method comprising contacting the material with: (a) propenal and/or maleimide and/or ethyl-2-chloroacetoacetate; and (b) a base.

The methods described herein provide an efficient way to remove and isolate short chain fatty acids from hydrocarbons that are produced upon the heating of a fatty acid resource. The short chain fatty acids can be continuously isolated and fed into the pyrolysis reactor, which in turn increases the overall efficiency of the production of the hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the short chain fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications.

The methods described herein provide an efficient way to remove and isolate short chain fatty acids from hydrocarbons that are produced upon the heating of a fatty acid resource. The short chain fatty acids can be continuously isolated and fed into the pyrolysis reactor, which in turn increases the overall efficiency of the production of the hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the short chain fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications.

A fiber bundle contactor may include a vessel including a first inlet; a second inlet; a mixing zone arranged in the vessel to receive a first fluid from the first inlet and a including fluid from the second inlet, wherein the mixing zone comprises a perforated plate assembly comprising a plate, a plurality of openings in the plate, and a plurality of riser pipes that extend from the plate and arranged to allow fluid flow through additional openings in the plate; and an extraction zone including a fiber bundle arranged in the vessel to receive the first fluid and the second fluid from the mixing zone.

A process and apparatus for sweetening a hydrocarbon stream. The apparatus includes two vessels. In a first extraction vessel, caustic removes mercaptans from the hydrocarbon stream. In a second oxidation vessel, the mercaptans in the rich caustic are converted in disulfides. The lean caustic and disulfides are passed back to the first extraction vessel in which the disulfides are separated into the sweetened hydrocarbon phase. The second vessel may receive a wash oil, such as the sweetened hydrocarbon phase, to remove disulfides from a vented gas stream.