Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling one or more physical and/or chemical properties of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems.

Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a blended gasoline composition comprising: a) providing an automotive gasoline; and b) blending the automotive gasoline with an octane enhancer and with a pressurant, thereby making the blended gasoline composition; wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises an oxygen content, contributed by ethanol, in an amount that ranges from 0% by weight to 0.75% by weight, based on the total weight of the blended gasoline composition and the total oxygen content weight contribution of ethanol present in the blended gasoline composition; wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises an oxygen content, contributed by methanol, in an amount that ranges from 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the blended gasoline composition and the total oxygen content weight contribution of methanol present in the blended gasoline composition; and wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises lead in an amount that ranges from 0 grams per gallon to 0.05 grams per gallon of the blended fuel composition. Also disclosed herein is the blended gasoline composition.

Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a blended gasoline composition comprising: a) providing an automotive gasoline; and b) blending the automotive gasoline with an octane enhancer and with a pressurant, thereby making the blended gasoline composition; wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises an oxygen content, contributed by ethanol, in an amount that ranges from 0% by weight to 0.75% by weight, based on the total weight of the blended gasoline composition and the total oxygen content weight contribution of ethanol present in the blended gasoline composition; wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises an oxygen content, contributed by methanol, in an amount that ranges from 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the blended gasoline composition and the total oxygen content weight contribution of methanol present in the blended gasoline composition; and wherein the blended gasoline composition comprises lead in an amount that ranges from 0 grams per gallon to 0.05 grams per gallon of the blended fuel composition. Also disclosed herein is the blended gasoline composition.

Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Fuel oil compositions, and methods for blending such fuel oil compositions, to enhance initial compatibility and longer term stability when such fuel oil compositions are blended to meet IMO 2020 low sulfur fuel oil requirements (ISO 8217). In one or more embodiments, asphaltenic resid base stocks are blended with high aromatic slurry oil to facilitate initial compatibility such that low sulfur cutter stocks, e.g., vacuum gas oil and/or cycle oil, may be further blended therein to cut sulfur content while maintaining longer term stability. These fuel oil compositions are economically advantageous when used as marine low sulfur fuel oils because greater concentrations of high viscosity resids are present in the final blend.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

The present invention provides a fly ash-based environmentally-friendly hydrogel with a high water retention for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogel includes the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 10% to 30% of a gel-forming material A, 20% to 45% of a crosslinking material B, and water as a balance, where the gel-forming material A is prepared by physical blending of a biodegradable superabsorbent resin, anionic polyacrylamide, a sesbania gum, and fly ash in a weight ratio of (1-3):(0.5-1):(0.5-1):(95-98); and the crosslinking material B is prepared by subjecting zeolite, expandable graphite, and an aluminum citrate complex in a weight ratio of (60-78):(20-36):(2-4) to mixing, dispersing, adsorbing, and freeze-drying. The gel-forming material A is added to water and stirred at room temperature until homogeneous, and then the crosslinking material B is added and stirred until homogeneous to obtain the hydrogel. In the present disclosure, the environmentally-friendly hydrogel with the high water retention is prepared with wastes such as fly ash as a base material, and can be prepared simply with a low cost. In addition, the hydrogel has the advantages of degradability, strong water retention, and a controllable gelation time. The hydrogel can cover and wet a coal body for a long time, and prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine for a prolonged time.