An engine oil additive includes carbon nanotubes and boron nitride particulates dispersed within a fluid. The additive is configured to be mixed with a quantity of oil such that the quantity of oil has a concentration from 0.05 to 0.5 grams of carbon nanotubes and of boron nitride particulates per quart of oil to improve the lubricity of the oil. The additive improves the horsepower and torque of the engine while reducing fuel consumption. The carbon nanotubes have an —OH functionalized exterior surface. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter from 1 nanometer to 50 nanometers and have a length from 1 micron to 1000 microns. The boron nitride particulates are hex-boron nitride structures having an average size from 30 nanometers to 500 nanometers.

A film is formed by use of a composition containing (A) a binder resin, (B) a hard particle, and (C) a solid lubricant selected from the group containing molybdenum disulfide and graphite, wherein the composition contains tungsten carbide as the hard particle, and wherein weight ratio of (B) the hard particles and (C) the solid lubricant, (B)/(C), is in the range of 1 to 3.

Disclosed is a lubricating engine oil composition for use in down-sized boosted engines comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one silane-containing compound. Also disclosed is a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine, and the use of at least one silane-containing compound in a lubricating engine oil composition for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine.

A lubricant additive may be synthesized by forming a nanohybrid of a transition metal dichalcogenide and a metal borate, forming a base oil, and then dispersing the transition metal dichalcogenide into the base oil. An exemplary nanohybrid may be synthesized by forming a first solution by adding a borax solution to an aqueous solution of a metal source, forming a second solution by adding ethanol to the first solution, forming a mixture by mixing the transition metal dichalcogenide with the second solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature of 180° C. to 230° C. and a pressure of 5 to 20 bar under a nitrogen atmosphere.

A film is formed by use of a composition containing (A) a binder resin, (B) a hard particle, and (C) a solid lubricant selected from the group containing molybdenum disulfide and graphite, wherein the composition contains tungsten carbide as the hard particle, and wherein weight ratio of (B) the hard particles and (C) the solid lubricant, (B)/(C), is in the range of 1 to 3.

A lubricant additive may be synthesized by forming a nanohybrid of a transition metal dichalcogenide and a metal borate, forming a base oil, and then dispersing the transition metal dichalcogenide into the base oil. An exemplary nanohybrid may be synthesized by forming a first solution by adding a borax solution to an aqueous solution of a metal source, forming a second solution by adding ethanol to the first solution, forming a mixture by mixing the transition metal dichalcogenide with the second solution, and heating the mixture at a temperature of 180° C. to 230° C. and a pressure of 5 to 20 bar under a nitrogen atmosphere.

A lubricant includes carbon particles in a carrier. The carbon particles may be nearly spherical, individually have maximum and minimum diameters that differ by no more than ten nanometers, and the maximum diameters of the carbon particles are less than one micrometer. The lubricant may be manufactured by preparing the carbon particles by ultrasound-assisted polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an aqueous system followed by a heat treatment in an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere and dispersion of the carbon particles in the liquid hydrocarbon carrier to form the lubricant. Optionally, inorganic metals, alloys, or oxides are coated on the surface of the carbon particles via an additional thermolysis step.

A lubricant includes carbon particles in a carrier. The carbon particles may be nearly spherical, individually have maximum and minimum diameters that differ by no more than ten nanometers, and the maximum diameters of the carbon particles are less than one micrometer. The lubricant may be manufactured by preparing the carbon particles by ultrasound-assisted polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an aqueous system followed by a heat treatment in an inert or non-oxidizing atmosphere and dispersion of the carbon particles in the liquid hydrocarbon carrier to form the lubricant. Optionally, inorganic metals, alloys, or oxides are coated on the surface of the carbon particles via an additional thermolysis step.

Disclosed herein is a sliding member for an internal-combustion engine of an automobile or the like. The sliding member has excellent sliding properties due to high oleophilicity of its sliding surface achieved by adjusting the surface texture of a resin layer forming the sliding surface, which makes it possible to effectively prevent wear or seizure of the sliding member and a counterpart sliding member thereof. The sliding member includes a resin layer provided on a surface of a base material, in which the resin layer has a surface roughness of 1.05 or more, preferably 1.07 or more. The mean spacing (s) between local peaks of the resin layer may be in the range of 2 m or more but 12 m or less, but may be preferably in the range of 2 m or more but 10 m or less. Further, the mean height (Rc) of the resin layer may be in the range of 0.5 m or more but 5.0 m or less, but may be preferably in the range of 0.5 m or more but 3.0 m or less.

A machining process includes providing a cutting tool having a rake face and a flank face; bringing the cutting tool into contact with a metal alloy work piece to form a chip by penetrating the cutting tool into the workpiece; and introducing a nanofluid into a vicinity of the penetration to remove heat and, in some instances, customize the finished surface. The nanofluid includes a mixture of a cryo-liquid and nanoparticles having a maximum size of approximately 0.1 nanometers to approximately 100 nanometers.