A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

An auxiliary lubricant comprising a composition, the comprising intermediate molecular weight surfactant-functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in a base oil.

Bearing 13 has lining layer 17 that is formed of an alloy having a predetermined shape and that has chamfered portion 25, and overlay layer 19 that is formed of a resin on an inner circumferential surface of lining layer 17, the inner circumferential surface sliding relative to a mating shaft, and that covers at least a portion of chamfered portion 25.

Bearing 13 has lining layer 17 that is formed of an alloy having a predetermined shape and that has chamfered portion 25, and overlay layer 19 that is formed of a resin on an inner circumferential surface of lining layer 17, the inner circumferential surface sliding relative to a mating shaft, and that covers at least a portion of chamfered portion 25.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

A grease composition that includes at least an oil-based medium, a thickener, and a fullerene-like nano-structure. The fullerene-like nano-structure includes a plurality of layers each comprised of a metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX.sub.2, where M is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) and combinations thereof, and X is a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), oxygen (O) and combinations thereof.

Disclosed are liquid coolants for electric systems and methods of making the same. An example liquid coolant for electric systems may comprise: a base oil, wherein the base oil is a major component of the liquid coolant; and a dissolved gas in an amount sufficient to have a measurable effect on fluid viscosity of the liquid coolant; wherein the liquid coolant has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of about 7 cSt or less.

Disclosed are liquid coolants for electric systems and methods of making the same. An example liquid coolant for electric systems may comprise: a base oil, wherein the base oil is a major component of the liquid coolant; and a dissolved gas in an amount sufficient to have a measurable effect on fluid viscosity of the liquid coolant; wherein the liquid coolant has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of about 7 cSt or less.