The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ashless phosphorus-containing antiwear agent an alkaline earth metal detergent, an ashless antioxidant, and an ashless dispersant where the lubricating compositions are substantially free of zinc and methods of lubricating an engine with such lubricating compositions. The instant lubricating compositions are useful as alternative lubricating compositions the reduce and/or eliminate zinc to achieve a desired performance goal of the lubricating composition.

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (HICE) during operation of the engine. The method includes the steps of: a) providing to the HICE a lubricating oil composition including or resulting from the admixing of: i) a base oil having a KV100 of less than or equal to 12 cSt and included at greater than 50 wt. % of the composition and comprising a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, or combinations thereof; ii) an overbased magnesium containing detergent comprising an overbased magnesium salicylate, an overbased magnesium sulfonate, an overbased magnesium phenate, or combinations thereof with a Total Base Number (KOH/g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at treat level to deliver between 100 to 5000 ppm by weight of total magnesium and between 0.15 wt. % to 8.0 wt. % of total soap to the composition; iii) at least one overbased calcium containing detergent with a Total Base Number (KOH/g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at a treat level to deliver greater than 100 ppm by weight of total calcium to the composition; and iv) the lubricating oil composition having a total sulfated ash of less than or equal to 2.0 wt. %, a total phosphorous level of less than or equal to 0.120 wt. %, and a SAE viscosity grade of 25W-X, 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or OW-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60; b) providing a fuel comprising hydrogen to the HICE; and c) combusting the fuel in the HICE. Also provided are a lubricating oil composition and a concentrate for use in a HICE to reduce the propensity for abnormal combustion events.

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (HICE) during operation of the engine. The method includes the steps of: a) providing to the HICE a lubricating oil composition including or resulting from the admixing of: i) a base oil having a KV100 of less than or equal to 12 cSt and included at greater than 50 wt. % of the composition and comprising a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, or combinations thereof; ii) an overbased magnesium containing detergent comprising an overbased magnesium salicylate, an overbased magnesium sulfonate, an overbased magnesium phenate, or combinations thereof with a Total Base Number (KOH/g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at treat level to deliver between 100 to 5000 ppm by weight of total magnesium and between 0.15 wt. % to 8.0 wt. % of total soap to the composition; iii) at least one overbased calcium containing detergent with a Total Base Number (KOH/g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and included at a treat level to deliver greater than 100 ppm by weight of total calcium to the composition; and iv) the lubricating oil composition having a total sulfated ash of less than or equal to 2.0 wt. %, a total phosphorous level of less than or equal to 0.120 wt. %, and a SAE viscosity grade of 25W-X, 20W-X, 15W-X, 10W-X, 5W-X or OW-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60; b) providing a fuel comprising hydrogen to the HICE; and c) combusting the fuel in the HICE. Also provided are a lubricating oil composition and a concentrate for use in a HICE to reduce the propensity for abnormal combustion events.

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine during operation of the engine including: (i) providing a lubricating oil composition to the hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine; (ii) providing fuel comprising hydrogen to the internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in the hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine;
wherein the lubricating oil composition: 1) includes one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds that provide more than 0.01 mass % zinc, and less than 0.08 mass % of phosphorus, or alternatively greater than or equal to 0.10 mass % and less than 0.40 mass % of phosphorus, based upon the weight lubricating oil composition, and 2) exhibits reduced pre-ignition at a given engine speed (rpm) whilst operating at maximum BMEP for that given engine speed (rpm), as compared to the same composition except that the concentration of the zinc dihydrocarbyl diphosphate compounds is such that the mass % phosphorus present in the lubricating oil composition is not within the specified ranges.

This invention relates to a method of reducing abnormal combustion events in a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine during operation of the engine including: (i) providing a lubricating oil composition to the hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine; (ii) providing fuel comprising hydrogen to the internal combustion engine; and (iii) combusting the fuel in the hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine;
wherein the lubricating oil composition: 1) includes one or more zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate compounds that provide more than 0.01 mass % zinc, and less than 0.08 mass % of phosphorus, or alternatively greater than or equal to 0.10 mass % and less than 0.40 mass % of phosphorus, based upon the weight lubricating oil composition, and 2) exhibits reduced pre-ignition at a given engine speed (rpm) whilst operating at maximum BMEP for that given engine speed (rpm), as compared to the same composition except that the concentration of the zinc dihydrocarbyl diphosphate compounds is such that the mass % phosphorus present in the lubricating oil composition is not within the specified ranges.

The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ashless phosphorus-containing antiwear agent an alkaline earth metal detergent, an ashless antioxidant, and an ashless dispersant where the lubricating compositions are substantially free of zinc and methods of lubricating an engine with such lubricating compositions. The instant lubricating compositions are useful as alternative lubricating compositions the reduce and/or eliminate zinc to achieve a desired performance goal of the lubricating composition.

The instant disclosure generally relates to lubricating compositions having an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ashless phosphorus-containing antiwear agent an alkaline earth metal detergent, an ashless antioxidant, and an ashless dispersant where the lubricating compositions are substantially free of zinc and methods of lubricating an engine with such lubricating compositions. The instant lubricating compositions are useful as alternative lubricating compositions the reduce and/or eliminate zinc to achieve a desired performance goal of the lubricating composition.

An electric motor lubricating fluid for an electric motor system including a lubricating base oil, at least one sulfurized component, at least two phosphorus-providing additives, and at least one high molecular weight dispersant. The electric motor lubricating fluid provides acceptable wear performance as well as good electrical conductivity and oxidative stability for use in electric motor system fluids having a low viscosity.

An electric motor lubricating fluid for an electric motor system including a lubricating base oil, at least one sulfurized component, at least two phosphorus-providing additives, and at least one high molecular weight dispersant. The electric motor lubricating fluid provides acceptable wear performance as well as good electrical conductivity and oxidative stability for use in electric motor system fluids having a low viscosity.

This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for ammonia fueled internal combustion engines (AICE) including: a) an oil of lubricating viscosity at greater than 50 wt. % of the composition comprising a Group I base oil, a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, a Group IV base oil, or combinations thereof; b) optionally, one or more, optionally borated, higher molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSA-PAM) dispersant (Mn 1600 g/mol or more); c) one or more, optionally borated, lower molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSA-PAM) dispersant (Mn less than 1600 g/mol), wherein the treat level of the combination of the higher molecular weight PIBSA-PAM and lower molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is from 2.5 to 12.0 wt. % of the composition, wherein the treat level of the lower molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is from 0.1 to 9.0 wt. % of the composition, and wherein the treat level of the higher molecular weight PIBSA-PAM is less than or equal to 3.0 wt. %; and d) one or more overbased detergents selected from the group consisting of a metal salicylate, a metal carboxylate, a mixture of a metal salicylate and a metal sulfonate, a mixture of a metal carboxylate and a metal sulfonate, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more overbased detergents have a Total Base Number (mgKOH/g) greater than or equal to 9 and less than or equal to 500 and deliver at least 5 mmol of total soap to the composition; and e) one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) compounds at from about 0.08 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition has a total sulfated ash of less than or equal to 5.0 wt. %, and a total phosphorous level of less than or equal to 0.120 wt. %, and a viscosity of less than or equal to 25 cSt (KV100). The lubricating oil composition upon exposure to ammonia contamination per the NOx-Ammonia exposure protocol results in a decrease in MCT performance rating of less than or equal to 4.0 merits. Also provided is a concentrate for use in a lubricating oil for an AICE and a method of improving engine cleanliness in an AICE.