A lubricant composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity, a grafted copolymer viscosity modifier that is an ashless condensation reaction product of an olefm polymer, having a number average molecular weight of about 1000 to about 10,000, comprising carboxylic acid or equivalent functionality grafted onto the polymer backbone, with a monoamine or a polyamine often having a single primary amino group, which exhibits good dispersancy and viscometric performance in a driveline device.

Lubricating compositions comprising a thiol-carboxylic adduct that is the reaction product of a thiol and carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid derivative. The lubricating composition also comprises an antiwear agent. Methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprise contacting the internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising a thiol-carboxylic adduct that is the reaction product of a thiol and carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid derivative. Methods of reducing lubricant oxidation and/or corrosion in an internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising a thiol-carboxylic adduct that is the reaction product of a thiol and carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid derivative. The use of a comprising a thiol-carboxylic adduct that is the reaction product of a thiol and carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid derivative to reduce lubricant oxidation and/or corrosion in an internal combustion engine.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of a poly(2-oxazoline) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:
N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2
wherein the number of repeat units (n) in the polymer is an integer between 4 and 1000, such as between 4 and 500. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. At least 5% of the total number of the groups R.sup.1 in the polymer comprise alkenyl groups having between 15 and 20 carbon atoms.

The invention is directed to a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine by supplying to the sump a lubricant composition which contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and an overbased sodium detergent. The metal overbased detergent may be selected from sulfonate detergents, phenate detergents, and salicylate detergents, including sulfonate detergents with a metal ratio of at least 5.

This invention relates to polymer-based partially-open, hollow reservoirs in the nano-size to micro-size range that encapsulate an additive, which can be released from the reservoirs using specific event stimuli such as reduction-oxidation and voltage change, or at will, using the same stimuli. This invention also relates to method preparing such reservoirs, and for releasing the additive. This invention further relates to matrix that comprises such reservoirs and the method of preparing such matrix. This invention also relates to applications, for example in corrosion inhibition, lubrication, and adhesion, that benefit from using such a controlled release of an additive.

Disclosed are refrigerants comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of: from about 38% by weight to about 48% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from about 6% by weight to about 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), from about 33% by weight to about 41% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I) and from about 2% by weight to about 16% by weight 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf)
wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the three compounds in the blend, and methods and systems which use same.

Disclosed are refrigerants comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of:

from about 40% by weight to about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32),
from about 6% by weight to about 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125),
from about 33% by weight to about 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I); and
from about 2% by weight to about 12% by weight of trans 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans HFO-1234ze), wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the three compounds in the blend, and systems and method using same.

A lubricating composition comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 25 percent by weight based on the weight of the composition, of a poly(2-oxazoline) polymer. The polymer has the repeat unit:

N(COR.sup.1)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2

wherein the number of repeat units (n) in the polymer is an integer between 4 and 1000, such as between 4 and 500. The polymer carries an inorganic or organic nucleophilic polymerisation terminating group (t), and an initiator group (i) connected to the N atom of a repeat unit, the initiator group (i) being effective to initiate the polymerisation of linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl moieties. At least 5% of the total number of the groups R.sup.1 in the polymer comprise alkenyl groups having between 15 and 20 carbon atoms.

Disclosed are refrigerants comprising at least about 97% by weight of a blend of three compounds, said blend consisting of: from about 40% by weight to about 49% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), from about 6% by weight to about 12% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), from about 33% by weight to about 40% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I); and from about 2% by weight to about 12% by weight of trans 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans HFO-1234ze), wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the three compounds in the blend, and systems and method using same.

Lubricating compositions comprising a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct formed by contacting a mercaptoazole compound with an acrylic. The adduct formed has at least one sulfur-alkyl group comprising at least one acyl, or compounds having at least one nitrogen-alkyl group comprising at least one acyl, or mixtures thereof. The lubricating composition also comprises an antiwear agent and an antioxidant. Methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition comprising a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct formed by contacting a mercaptoazole compound with an acrylic. Methods of reducing corrosion and/or seal deterioration in an internal combustion engine. The use of a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct in a lubricating composition to reduce corrosion and/or seal deterioration in an internal combustion engine.