A composition suitable for a refrigerator may include a mixed refrigerant and a refrigerator oil containing a base oil (P), wherein the mixed refrigerant includes an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (HFO) in an amount of more than 50% by mass and 70% by mass or less on a basis of the whole amount of the mixed refrigerant and a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (HFC); and the base oil (P) includes a polyvinyl ether (PVE). Compositions for refrigerators may use a mixed refrigerant, in which not only the refrigerant dissolution properties are favorable, but also a favorable dissolution viscosity is exhibited.

Zinc complex greases with different complexing acids having dropping points comparable to lithium greases and tailor-made dropping points can be made by processing at low temperature in open as well as close kettle process. The present invention discloses a process of manufacturing Zinc complex greases—through reaction of fatty acid and complexing acid with zinc oxide in mineral oil to obtain zinc complex greases having high dropping points of 180 to 280° C.

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H   (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

Provided are: a lubricating oil composition containing a mineral oil (A) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 15 mm.sup.2/s and a flash point of 180° C. or higher, a synthetic oil (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5 to 15 mm.sup.2/s and a flash point of 190° C. or higher, an amide compound (C) and a polyol ester compound (D), which has a low viscosity and fuel saving performance, which can be used in high-temperature environments, and which has excellent gear anti-seizing property and anti-shudder performance; and a lubrication method and a transmission using the lubricating oil composition.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle including at least one battery, comprising: (i) at least one base oil or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I)

in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker; and (iii) at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50 and 250° C.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fluoro compound with a boiling point of between 50° C. and 250° C. for promoting the contact between a fire retardant corresponding to formula (I) and an element of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, when thermal runaway is observed, said fire retardant of formula (I) being formulated in a base oil, or a hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting at least one battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery in contact with a composition according to the invention.

The invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines that are soluble in a lubricant composition comprising at least one detergent in order to reduce and/or control the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine, the amine/detergent weight 1-1 ratio being between 0.01 and 0.5. The invention also relates to a process for reducing and/or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine in which the gas is in contact with one or more fatty amines that are soluble in a lubricant composition comprising at least one detergent, the amine/detergent weight ratio being between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.01 and 0.9, more preferentially between 0.02 and 0.8, for example between 0.03 and 0.8, in particular between 0.01 and 0.5, preferably between 0.01 and 0.4, for el example between 0.02 and 0.4.

The present invention relates to a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: (i) at least one base oil, or at least one hydrocarbon-based fluid with a boiling point of greater than or equal to 50° C.; and (ii) at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H  (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker, said fire retardant of formula (I) being at least partially in an encapsulated form.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I) which is at least partially in an encapsulated form in a composition for cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

A method of preventing or reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected, boosted, spark-ignited internal combustion engine that, in operation, generates a break mean effective pressure level of greater than about 15 bar, at an engine speed of from about 1500 to about 2500 rotations per minute (rpm), in which the crankcase of the engine is lubricated with a lubricating oil composition containing at least about 0.2 mass % of magnesium sulfated ash.

The passage of a container along a conveyor is lubricated by applying to the container or conveyor a mixture of a water-miscible silicone material and a water-miscible lubricant. The mixture can be applied in relatively low amounts, to provide thin, substantially non-dripping lubricating films. In contrast to dilute aqueous lubricants, the lubricants of the invention provide drier lubrication of the conveyors and containers, a cleaner conveyor line and reduced lubricant usage, thereby reducing waste, cleanup and disposal problems.

The invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines that are soluble in a lubricant composition comprising at least one detergent in order to reduce and/or control the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine, the amine/detergent weight 1-1 ratio being between 0.01 and 0.5. The invention also relates to a process for reducing and/or controlling the abnormal combustion of gas in a marine engine in which the gas is in contact with one or more fatty amines that are soluble in a lubricant composition comprising at least one detergent, the amine/detergent weight ratio being between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.01 and 0.9, more preferentially between 0.02 and 0.8, for example between 0.03 and 0.8, in particular between 0.01 and 0.5, preferably between 0.01 and 0.4, for el example between 0.02 and 0.4.