The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C.sub.4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of C.sub.4-12 linear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of C.sub.4-12 branched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.4-12 alkanes, C.sub.5-12 cycloalkanes and C.sub.6-12 aromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Process for the production of lipids from biomass including at least one polysaccharide, which comprises fermentation of a biomass hydrolysate using an oleaginous microorganism and separation of oleaginous cellular biomass comprising lipids. An aqueous fraction obtained by reverse osmosis of a spent fermentation broth is recycled as a feed for growth of the oleaginous microorganism. The lipids thus obtained can be advantageously used in the production of biodiesel or green diesel which can be used as such, or in a mixture with other automotive fuels.

Described herein is a polymerized biorenewable, petroleum based, previously modified, or functionalized oil, comprising a polymeric distribution having about 2 to about 80 wt % oligomer content, a polydispersity index ranging from about 1.0 to about 5.0, and sulfur content ranging from 0.001 wt % to about 8 wt %. Methods of manufacturing the polymerized oil as well as its incorporation into asphalt paving, roofing, and coating applications are also described.

A process for recovering tocotrienols/tocopherols from vegetable oil distillate comprising the steps of esterifying the vegetable oil distillate with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to convert the fatty acids contained therein to produce an esterified mixture comprising fatty acid esters, thereby reducing fatty acid content in the oil to less than 3% by weight; distilling the esterified mixture for separating and removing the fatty acid esters therefrom; transesterifying the distilled mixture with an alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst for converting glycerides present therein to fatty acid esters and glycerine, forming a transesterified mixture comprising glycerine and fatty acid esters; purifying the transesterified mixture to substantially remove glycerine therefrom; and distilling the purified mixture to substantially remove fatty acid esters, producing a composition comprising a predetermined concentration of tocotrienols/tocopherols.

Disclosed herein are rejuvenating compositions for asphalt applications. In one aspect, the rejuvenating composition comprises a polymerized oil having a polymeric distribution ranging from about 2 to about 80 wt % oligomer content and Hildebrand solubility ranging from about 6 to about 12. In another aspect, the rejuvenating composition comprises an oil having a Hildebrand solubility ranging from about 6 to about 12 and a flash point ranging from about 100 C. to about 400 C. In yet another aspect, the rejuvenating composition comprises a modified oil having a Hildebrand solubility ranging from about 6 to about 12 and a flash point ranging from about 100 C. to about 400 C.

Described herein is a polymerized biorenewable, previously modified, or functionalized oil, comprising a polymeric distribution having about 2 to about 80 wt % oligomer content, a polydispersity index ranging from about 1.30 to about 2.20, and sulfur content ranging from 0.001 wt % to about 8 wt %. Methods of manufacturing the polymerized oil as well as its incorporation into asphalt paving, roofing, and coating applications are also described.

The disclosed system and method of forming a solution for use with a base to form a product includes identifying various characteristics of the base the solution is to be used with, various product characteristics, including the use of the product and the device employed to use the product. Additionally, the solution can be formed based on one or more user experience characteristics of the base, to optimize a user's experience with the resultant product while considering the characteristics and/or properties of the base and the product.

There is described a biodiesel composition and process for producing biodiesel and related products. There is also described related fuels and fuel blends comprising biodiesel. The biodiesel composition may be prepared from a mixture comprising fats, oils and greases from sewer waste.

A biomass-derived protein compound has a high concentration of protein and can be made to have a very low concentration of fat and water; even when the biomass feedstock has a high fat concentration. The biomass-derived protein compound may be a whole protein that is non-denatured and enzymatically digestible. This unique protein compound can be produced from molecules from more than one source organism, including various animals and/or plant feedstocks. The unique protein compound is derived from a unique biomass method and apparatus for the treatment of a biomass stream to extract and separate an essentially solvent-free product from the biomass stream. In this unique method the solids content of the biomass stream is increased by bringing the biomass stream into contact with a moderately pressurized liquefied gas solvent, to create a high solids content biomass stream and introducing the high solids content biomass stream to an extraction apparatus.