The invention relates to methods of producing a diatom biomass. More particularly, the invention relates to methods to produce a diatom biomass using a continuous culture to produce a volumetric production rate of biomass of at least 20 g dry weight/L/day, wherein the culture medium is designed to provide the essential nutrients to maintain the diatom in log phase growth. In a preferred cmbodimcnt the biomass comprises highly unsaturated fatty acid.

The present disclosure relates generally to a process for manufacturing products enriched in the content of at least one vitamin E component, preferably tocotrienol, using solvent extraction and membrane filtration.

The present disclosure relates generally to a process for manufacturing products enriched in the content of at least one vitamin E component, preferably tocotrienol, using solvent extraction and membrane filtration.

A process of obtaining avocado seed extracts comprising polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), the process comprising crushing raw undried avocado seeds; incubating the crushed avocado seeds; and extracting PFAs from the crushed seeds with an organic solvent.

A process of obtaining avocado seed extracts comprising polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs), the process comprising crushing raw undried avocado seeds; incubating the crushed avocado seeds; and extracting PFAs from the crushed seeds with an organic solvent.

A method for producing a plant-derived solid paraffin and a plant-derived solid paraffin make it possible to reduce the production cost. An alcohol is added to a vegetable oil to obtain a fatty acid ester, and then a solid paraffin is obtained from the fatty acid ester. The fatty acid ester is preferably obtained in the presence of an acid catalyst or a base catalyst. After obtaining the fatty acid ester, the fatty acid ester is preferably cooled to precipitate a solid, followed by separation of the solid to obtain a solid paraffin. The solid paraffin obtained includes a saturated hydrocarbon(s) having an odd number(s) of carbon atoms of C.sub.21 to C.sub.29 in a proportion of not less than 60%.

A method for producing a plant-derived solid paraffin and a plant-derived solid paraffin make it possible to reduce the production cost. An alcohol is added to a vegetable oil to obtain a fatty acid ester, and then a solid paraffin is obtained from the fatty acid ester. The fatty acid ester is preferably obtained in the presence of an acid catalyst or a base catalyst. After obtaining the fatty acid ester, the fatty acid ester is preferably cooled to precipitate a solid, followed by separation of the solid to obtain a solid paraffin. The solid paraffin obtained includes a saturated hydrocarbon(s) having an odd number(s) of carbon atoms of C.sub.21 to C.sub.29 in a proportion of not less than 60%.

[PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED] To provide a method for producing ether phospholipids of high purity by an easy process. [SOLUTION] This production method comprises: (A) a step of extracting total lipids from organisms with non-polar organic solvent and branched alcohol mixture; and (B) a step of reacting the total lipids obtained by the step (A) with phospholipase A1 to decompose mixed diacyl-glycerophospholipids. This makes it possible to produce plasmalogen-type glycerophospholipids or ether phospholipids of high purity by an easy process.

A method of producing fatty alcohols comprises: introducing a fatty alcohol feedstock stream to a distillation column; forming a light outlet stream and a heavy outlet stream; condensing at least a portion of the light outlet stream to form a reflux stream; returning the reflux stream to a reflux inlet of the distillation column at a reflux ratio of greater than or equal to 2; and recovering a fatty alcohol product stream from an outlet of the distillation column, wherein the fatty alcohol product stream comprises a first mass percentage of the first fatty alcohol species (M), and a second mass percentage of the second fatty alcohol species (M2), and wherein a fatty alcohol mass ratio (M.sub.1/M.sub.2) of the fatty alcohol product stream is the first mass percentage divided by the second mass percentage, and wherein the fatty alcohol mass ratio is greater than or equal to 2.0.

A method of producing fatty alcohols comprises: introducing a fatty alcohol feedstock stream to a distillation column; forming a light outlet stream and a heavy outlet stream; condensing at least a portion of the light outlet stream to form a reflux stream; returning the reflux stream to a reflux inlet of the distillation column at a reflux ratio of greater than or equal to 2; and recovering a fatty alcohol product stream from an outlet of the distillation column, wherein the fatty alcohol product stream comprises a first mass percentage of the first fatty alcohol species (M), and a second mass percentage of the second fatty alcohol species (M2), and wherein a fatty alcohol mass ratio (M.sub.1/M.sub.2) of the fatty alcohol product stream is the first mass percentage divided by the second mass percentage, and wherein the fatty alcohol mass ratio is greater than or equal to 2.0.