Method of transesterifying a fatty acid triglyceride with a C.sub.1-30 aliphatic alcohol, the method comprising step (A): (A) heating the fatty acid triglyceride with the C.sub.1-30 aliphatic alcohol in the presence of an acid; wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid, a disulfonic acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a mixture thereof; the molar ratio of fatty acid triglyceride to aliphatic alcohol is less than 1:6; and the heating in step (A) is in a temperature range of from 20 to less than 100° C.

Processes for transesterifying wax esters. Implementations may include providing a feedstock including wax esters, introducing into the feedstock an alcohol with a carbon number ranging from 1 to 34 carbons where the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of a straight chain alcohol, a branched chain alcohol, any combination of straight chain alcohols, any combination of branched chain alcohols, and any combination thereof. The process may include contacting the feedstock with a lipase, and catalytically transesterifying the wax esters in the feedstock with the lipase to form a transesterified product. The enzymatically transesterified product may be adapted to produce a finished product having a certain formula that has a viscosity that substantially matches a viscosity of a finished product having the same certain formula including chemically catalyzed transesterified wax esters.

Processes for transesterifying wax esters. Implementations may include: providing a feedstock including wax esters, contacting the feedstock with a lipase, and catalytically transesterifying the wax esters in the feedstock with the lipase to form a transesterified product. An oxidative stability index (OSI) of the transesterified product may be greater than an OSI of the feedstock.

This invention relates to a wax composition comprising a plurality of fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (I): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, m.sub.1, and m.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a wax composition comprising: a) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (II): ##STR00002##
and b) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (III): ##STR00003##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, and n.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a fatty acid amide compound having the Formula (I) and a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I).

This invention relates to a wax composition comprising a plurality of fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (I): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, m.sub.1, and m.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a wax composition comprising: a) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (II): ##STR00002##
and b) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (III): ##STR00003##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, and n.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a fatty acid amide compound having the Formula (I) and a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I).

In an aspect, a method is disclosed that includes contacting a composition with an aqueous solution to yield a mixture, where the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil, about 5 wt. % or more of free fatty acids, about 10 wppm or more of total metals, about 8 wppm or more phosphorus, about 20 wppm or more of nitrogen, and the aqueous solution includes ((NH.sub.4).sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, (NH.sub.4).sub.4EDTA, a monoammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a diammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a triammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a tetraammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, (NH.sub.4).sub.5DTPA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.4EDTA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, a combination of citric acid and a monosodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a disodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a trisodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a tetrasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.5DTPA, or a combination of any two or more thereof, where the method further includes centrifuging the mixture to yield a first treated composition, wherein the first treated composition has less total metals and less phosphorus than the composition.

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefinic compounds that can be used for the production of detergents, additives, lubricants and/or plastic materials, or components which can be used in the field of oil explorations and productions, and a hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof, which comprises subjecting a mixture of glycerides having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, to metathesis reaction and, after separating the olefinic mixture obtained, effecting a hydrodeoxygenation and subsequently hydroisomerization process, so as to obtain the hydrocarbon fuel or a fraction thereof.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to plant extract compositions and methods to isolate fatty acid esters derived from crosslinked polyesters. Particular embodiments are directed to methods of preparing compositions of fatty acid esters by treating crosslinked polyesters or other crosslinked networks with an acid and an alcohol.