Provided are methods, processes and systems for treating a soapstock. In alternative embodiments, provided are systems and methods for treating a soapstock to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters. In alternative embodiments, provided are systems and methods for realizing the full fatty acid yield of a soapstock by first converting substantially all of the saponifiable material in a soapstock to salts of fatty acids (soaps) and acidulating the soaps to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein the soapstock comprises soaps and saponifiable lipids, e.g. glycerides and/or phospholipids, and the generating of free fatty acids and/or fatty acid is achieved.

The present invention discloses a method for recycling urea in the process of separating and purifying unsaturated substances through a urea adduction method. The method comprises the following steps: liposoluble substances containing target unsaturated components are used as raw materials, and subjected to urea adduction, crystallization and filtration to produce a filtrate, from which the specific unsaturated components are obtained; the urea adduct is dissolved in a polar solvent, and after the adducted adducts are layered and released, adding a certain solvent to the urea solution to adjust the polarity, then cooling for crystallization, and recycling the urea. The method can realize complete release of the adducted components and recycling and reuse of urea, and the process is simple, the recovery rate is high, and the adduction effect is not influenced when recycling urea for reuse, and the production cost of the urea adduct is reduced, thus alleviating the adverse impact of urea discharges on the environment.

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.)

There is described a process and an apparatus for purifying a mixture and related products. In particular, there is described a process and an apparatus for purifying a mixture comprising fats, oils and greases as are typically found in sewer waste. The process involves heating, acidifying and separating the mixture. The apparatus used includes a heating and separation device for separating into a solid fraction, an organic liquid fraction and an aqueous liquid fraction. Apparatus such as a three phase separation unit and a rotary vacuum filter may also be used.

The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to the conversion of high free fatty acid (“HFFA”) containing oils defined as oils containing 20-100% free fatty acids (“FFA”) and low free fatty acid (“LFFA”) containing oils defined as oils containing 1-20% free fatty acids (FFA) into oil with less than about 0.5-1% FFA. If the feedstock is HFFA oil, the process includes a combination of partial glycerolysis of HFFA oils to produce LFFA oils and subsequent stripping of LFFA oils to produce NFFA oils via steam distillation. If the feedstock is LFFA oil, the process includes stripping of LFFA oils to produce NFFA oils via steam distillation and subjecting FFA to partial glycerolysis to convert FFA to oil.

A waste vegetable-oil based emulsifier for use as drilling mud primary emulsifier is described. A first emulsifier is prepared from an alkyl ester of waste vegetable oil. The waste vegetable oil is vegetable oil which has been used for a process prior to preparing the first emulsifier. A quantity of the first emulsifier is added to an oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of an activating agent is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The activating agent is configured to activate the emulsifier to stabilize an emulsion. A quantity of viscosifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of a second emulsifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of weigh-up material is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The resulting oil-based drilling fluid is used in a wellbore drilling operation to drill a wellbore in a subterranean zone.

A waste vegetable-oil based emulsifier for use as drilling mud primary emulsifier is described. A first emulsifier is prepared from an alkyl ester of waste vegetable oil. The waste vegetable oil is vegetable oil which has been used for a process prior to preparing the first emulsifier. A quantity of the first emulsifier is added to an oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of an activating agent is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The activating agent is configured to activate the emulsifier to stabilize an emulsion. A quantity of viscosifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of a second emulsifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of weigh-up material is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The resulting oil-based drilling fluid is used in a wellbore drilling operation to drill a wellbore in a subterranean zone.

A method for processing algae-based products using flue gas heat includes mixing flue gas with water, receiving a heated gas in a first enclosure of a heat exchanger, receiving an algal paste in a second enclosure of the heat exchanger, introducing an organic solvent to the algal paste, extracting an algal oil and a plurality of algal shells from the algal paste by dissipating heat from the first enclosure to the second enclosure; and extracting the algal oil from the organic solvent and the algal shells.

In an aspect, a method is disclosed that includes contacting a composition with an aqueous solution to yield a mixture, where the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil, about 5 wt. % or more of free fatty acids, about 10 wppm or more of total metals, about 8 wppm or more phosphorus, about 20 wppm or more of nitrogen, and the aqueous solution includes ((NH.sub.4).sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, (NH.sub.4).sub.4EDTA, a monoammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a diammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a triammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a tetraammonium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, (NH.sub.4).sub.5DTPA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.4EDTA, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, a combination of citric acid and a monosodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a disodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a trisodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and a tetrasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, a combination of citric acid and Na.sub.5DTPA, or a combination of any two or more thereof, where the method further includes centrifuging the mixture to yield a first treated composition, wherein the first treated composition has less total metals and less phosphorus than the composition.