Reactors, systems and processes for the production of biomass by culturing microorganisms in aqueous liquid culture medium circulating inner loop reactor which utilize nonvertical pressure reduction zones are described. Recovery and processing of the culture microorganisms to obtain products, such as proteins or hydrocarbons is described.

A nozzle system for fluid deployment for treating a biological fluid within a bioreactor, having a bioreactor having an internal volume; an adjustable nozzle deployed within the internal volume; a reservoir capable of containing an agent; and a tubing connecting the reservoir and the adjustable nozzle, wherein the adjustable nozzle is capable of being adjusted to distribute a processing agent in a plurality of distribution streams.

Disclosed is a method and a device for biological production of sulfuric acid. The disclosure allows the use of high concentrations of sulfur as a feed for microbiological oxidation, resulting in high conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid and, consequently, high sulfuric acid yields, which are obtained in an environmentally friendly way.

Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.

A method of recovering a population of extracellular vesicles from a biological sample comprising extracellular vesicles and contaminants is described. In one embodiment, the method comprises: a) removing contaminants from the sample, wherein the contaminants are relatively larger or more dense than the extracellular vesicles; b) contacting the sample of step a) with a plurality of binding compositions, each binding composition having first and/or second moieties capable of binding a recognition motif of the target entities under conditions to allow complexing of the extracellular vesicles with the plurality of binding compositions to form a complexed population of extracellular vesicles, the complexed population of extracellular vesicles having an increased volume and/or higher density in comparison to the extracellular vesicles in individual form; and c) recovering the complexed population of extracellular vesicles.

Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biofilm-biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.

There is provided a 3D printing system, methods, and materials for the 3D printing of objects that include a cured hydrogel material, an uncured hydrogel material, and a support material. The cured hydrogel material may define a scaffold for organs or other biological structures. The 3D printing system selectively deposits the hydrogel material and support material, dries the hydrogel material, and selectively applies a catalyst to the hydrogel material to selectively cure the hydrogel material. Once the 3D printing has completed, the uncured hydrogel material may be drained and the support material may be melted or dissolved leaving a scaffold of cured hydrogel material that may be infused with living cells of the desired organ or biological structure.

A bioreactor may comprise a head-plate configured to provide coupling features to attach selected components to the bioreactor. The bioreactor may also comprise impeller and sparger, and the sparger is positioned at a pre-determined distance from the impeller based at least in part on a spatial configuration of the head-plate. The bioreactor further comprises a vessel defining a hollow enclosure for receiving a culture medium, and an opening of the vessel is covered by the head-plate.

Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biofilm-biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.

Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biofilm-biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.