The present disclosure describes biocatalytic processes for producing a product, comprising providing an aqueous stream (AS) comprising at least one fermentable substrate and a gaseous stream (GS) comprising at least one of CO.sub.2/H.sub.2, H.sub.2, methane, and/or CO to a fermentation zone, wherein the GS and AS stream are optionally contacted and/or mixed; the fermentation zone comprising at least one organism capable of metabolizing an AS substrate and a GS substrate, wherein the fermentation operates at conditions to mixotrophically metabolize at least one gaseous substrate in the GS and at least one substrate in the AS, producing the product. The present disclosure also describes compositions comprising an AS, a GS, and an organism, wherein the organism or an equivalent or engineered equivalent thereof is a methanotroph or a hydrogen-metabolizing or CO-metabolizing chemolithotrophic organism, and wherein the organism is capable of mixotrophic metabolism of at least one gaseous substrate in the GS and at least one substrate in the AS. The present disclosure also describes a process wherein said fermentation operates at conditions to mixotrophically metabolize at least H.sub.2 in the gaseous stream and glycerol and lactic acid in the aqueous stream. The present disclosure also describes a system for producing a fermentation or bio-derived product.

A bioreactor apparatus includes a vessel establishing an interior space environmentally separable from an exterior space outside of the vessel, an agitation system including mixing means arranged in the interior space and drive means adapted to rotate the mixing means. The drive means includes a drive motor that is arranged in the interior space.

A culture system has a culture bag for suspending and culturing pluripotent stem cells in a culture medium; a waste liquid container for storing used culture medium that is connected to the culture bag; a fresh medium container for storing a fresh culture medium that is connected to the culture bag; three-way stopcocks for switching flow channels from the culture bag to the waste liquid container or the fresh culture medium container, etc.; a trap portion for trapping the pluripotent stem cells in the culture medium in the flow toward the waste liquid container side; and a filter portion for subculturing that is formed in fourth and fifth flow channels in parallel to a first flow channel. The first flow channel connects the trap part to the culture bag, and has a mesh by which a cell mass of the pluripotent stem cells can be divided. A pump is used to pump the liquid in the individual flow channels.

This invention provides a simple fermentation apparatus which is able to work in a standard pressure. Moreover, it can continuously produce liquid fermentation products automatically in a large amount without filtering. The fermentation apparatus is able to be configured in large farms. The use of it has become simple and convenient.

An apparatus for culturing cells of the present disclosure includes: a cabinet that has a main surface and a side surface, the main surface having a window; a main surface aspiration port disposed at the main surface of the cabinet; and a side surface aspiration port disposed at the side surface of the cabinet. In the cross section of the cabinet taken along the horizontal direction, a first vessel supplying part for supplying a first vessel is disposed at a midportion of the cabinet, and a second vessel supplying part for supplying a second vessel is disposed at an inner peripheral portion of the cabinet. The first vessel supplying part has a first lid capable of entirely covering the first vessel supplying part. The first vessel has no lid. The second vessel supplying part has no lid. The second vessel has a second lid.

Disclosed herein relates to biopharmaceuticals, and more particularly to a continuous flow method for preparing (R)-3-hydroxy-5-hexenoate. Carbonyl reductase and isopropanol dehydrogenase are co-immobilized onto an inert solid medium simultaneously to prepare a carbonyl reductase/isopropanol dehydrogenase co-immobilized catalyst, which is then filled into a microchannel reactor of the micro reaction system. A solution containing substrate 3-carbonyl-5-hexenoate is subsequently pumped into the microchannel reactor to perform an asymmetric carbonyl reduction reaction to obtain (R)-3-hydroxy-5-hexenoate.

A liquid substrate tank for a biogas plant includes an interior fillable with a liquid substrate and a bottom wall defining the interior on the bottom and being particularly at least regionally flat. A trough-shaped recess extending over a partial region of the bottom wall is formed in the bottom wall, to which and/or into which recess an extraction line of an extraction device is guided. The extraction device has an open-loop and/or closed-loop control device actuating the extraction device for extracting a substrate/sand mixture accumulating in the recess during operation from the recess and thus from the interior through the extraction line. The extraction device has an accommodation and/or sedimentation tank, or separator, connected to the extraction line relative to flow for accommodating or separating the substrate/sand mixture extracted through the extraction line into substrate and sand phases.

There is provided a method for easily determining an undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells without relying on the judgment of a skilled technician. The method includes: a step of evaluating an undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells based on a time-dependent change in a variation value of an extracellular metabolite contained in a culture medium in which the pluripotent stem cells are cultured, wherein the extracellular metabolite is at least one selected from a group consisting of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine and ammonia.

A cell culture system of the present invention includes: a culture-medium storage part that holds a culture medium for culturing cells; a temporary holding part that is coupled to the culture-medium storage part and that is provided with a holding space for temporarily holding the culture medium supplied from the culture-medium storage part and a discharge port for discharging the culture medium; a culture-medium supply part that is coupled to the discharge port of the temporary holding part and that supplies the culture medium discharged from the temporary holding part, to a cell culture vessel; and a discharge part that discharges the culture medium from the cell culture vessel, wherein the culture-medium supply part is provided with a culture-medium intermittent supply mechanism that intermittently supplies the culture medium discharged from the temporary holding part, to the cell culture vessel in a predetermined cycle.

Assemblies of a cap and a tube fixed to the cap are provided in which at least a portion of each assembly has a visual coding of color and/or indicia for use with one of different sizes of bottles at least in accordance with a height of the bottles from a closed bottom end to an open top end for engaging the cap of the assembly. In each assembly, the cap has a tube mounted to, or through, an aperture extending through the cap to extend a selected length enabling one end of the tube to reach or extend along at least a portion of an interior surface of the bottom end of any of the bottles of the height to which the assembly is coded for use therewith. Each of the caps has another tube or port to another aperture of the cap to provide an air vent.