The description describes the integration of a gas fermentation process with a gasification process whereby effluent from the gas fermentation process is recycled to the gasification process. The one or more effluents which can be recycled include a stream comprising microbial biomass, a product stream comprising at least a portion of the at least one fermentation product, a by-product stream comprising fusel oil, and a waste water stream comprising microbial biomass. The stream comprising biomass can be dried before it is passed to the gasification zone. At least a portion of the waste water stream can be passed to the gasification process where one use is to replace at least a portion of the process water. The waste water stream can be further processed to produce a clarified water stream and a biogas stream comprising methane either or both of which can be passed to the gasification process.

A system for biological methane production and removing carbon dioxide from the methane comprises (a) a primary anaerobic digester adapted and arranged to generate a gaseous mixture comprising methane and carbon dioxide from organic materials; (b) an electrochemical reactor comprising at least one reactor cell including an anode spaced from a cathode by a porous ion exchange resin wafer with a cation exchange membrane between the anode and the resin wafer and a bipolar ion exchange membrane between the cathode and the resin wafer; the electrochemical reactor being adapted and arranged to capture gaseous carbon dioxide within the resin wafer as aqueous bicarbonate, and to electrochemically generate hydrogen gas at the cathode; and (c) a hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis bioreactor adapted and arranged to convert the bicarbonate and hydrogen from the electrochemical reactor to methane. An electrochemical reactor and a method for producing methane with reduced carbon dioxide content also are described.

In an illustrative embodiment, automated multi-module cell editing instruments are provided to automate multiple edits into nucleic acid sequences inside one or more cells.

The present disclosure includes systems and methods for hydrolyzing (e.g., pretreatment and/or enzymatic hydrolysis) lignocellulosic biomass into one or more sugars such as pentose and glucose sugars. The present disclosure includes configurations that incorporate flashing and/or liquid cooling so as to permit desirable throughput. The present disclosure also includes a liquefaction configuration so as to permit desirable (e.g., continuous high volume) throughput.

Culture systems and methods of using same. The systems include a housing defining an inner space. The inner space includes a headspace and at least a portion of a reservoir. A surface for immobilizing cells is moveable between the headspace and the reservoir. The systems can be used for coculturing methanotrophs and phototrophs for processing biogas and wastewater, particularly from anaerobic digesters.

This invention relates to compositions of matter, methods, modules and instruments for automated mammalian cell growth and mammalian cell transduction followed by nucleic acid-guided nuclease editing in live mammalian cells.

A system optionally including a carbon oxide reactor. A method for carbon oxide reactor control, optionally including selecting carbon oxide reactor aspects based on a desired output composition, running a carbon oxide reactor under controlled process conditions to produce a desired output composition, and/or altering the process conditions to alter the output composition.

Compositions of matter, methods, modules, and automated instruments may relate to synthesizing a library including an editing cassette including a different gRNA and donor DNA pair, amplifying the editing cassette in a partition separate from other editing cassettes in the library, adding nuclease to the partition, and adding lipofectamine to the editing cassette and nuclease to form a lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. A microcarrier coated in extracellular matrix or a cell adhesion molecule coating may be added to the lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. Cell growth material, the microcarrier, and mammalian cells may be transferred to a growth module in an automated closed cell editing instrument via a liquid handling system. The mammalian cells may be allowed to seed on the microcarrier. Conditions may be provided for the mammalian cells to take-up and be edited by a payload associated with the lipofectamine/nucleic acid/nuclease complex. The mammalian cells may be detached from the microcarrier.

The present invention relates to an anaerobic process for biogas upgrading and hydrogen utilization comprising the use of acidic waste as co-substrate. In this process, H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 will be converted to CH.sub.4, which will result in lower CO.sub.2 content in the biogas. The invention relates to both in situ and ex situ methods of biogas upgrading. The invention further relates to a bioreactor comprising hollow fiber membranes.

The method and system for processing meal from oilseeds after oil extraction includes biotransformation of meal and its cascade, sequential refining leading to the separation of the product or products with high added value, and finally obtaining the remaining biomass with an increased nutritional value compared to the original post-extraction meal material.