A structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment exerting an ambient fluid pressure is provided. The structure includes an elongate body extending from a root to a wingtip and encapsulating at least one interior volume containing an interior fluid exerting an interior fluid pressure that is different from the ambient fluid pressure. A method of retrofitting a structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment exerting an ambient fluid pressure, the structure comprising an elongate body extending from a root to a wingtip and having at least one interior volume is also provided. The method includes sealing the elongate body to encapsulate the at least one interior volume containing an interior fluid; associating at least one valve with the at least one interior volume; and modifying interior fluid content via the at least one valve to produce an interior fluid pressure that is different from the ambient fluid pressure.

A structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment exerting an ambient fluid pressure is provided. The structure includes an elongate body extending from a root to a wingtip and encapsulating at least one interior volume containing an interior fluid exerting an interior fluid pressure that is different from the ambient fluid pressure. A method of retrofitting a structure adapted to traverse a fluid environment exerting an ambient fluid pressure, the structure comprising an elongate body extending from a root to a wingtip and having at least one interior volume is also provided. The method includes sealing the elongate body to encapsulate the at least one interior volume containing an interior fluid; associating at least one valve with the at least one interior volume; and modifying interior fluid content via the at least one valve to produce an interior fluid pressure that is different from the ambient fluid pressure.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce -alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing -alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or -alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of -alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce -alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing -alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or -alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of -alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention is directed to methods for inhibiting growth of bacteria and to nanometer scale surfaces having antibacterial properties.

The present invention is directed to methods for inhibiting growth of bacteria and to nanometer scale surfaces having antibacterial properties.

The present invention provides for compositions and methods for treating, ameliorating or preventing a lysosomal storage disease by administering to a patient suffering front a lysosomal storage disease a P97 conjugated with an enzyme which is capable of transportation into the lysosomes of cells on either sides of the blood brain barrier.

The invention provides a recombinant RNA molecule comprising (i) a sequence of a gene-editing molecule mRNA, or a sequence of a functional fragment or derivative thereof, and (ii) at least one sequence of a coding or non-coding enrichment RNA, or a sequence of a functional fragment or derivative thereof, wherein the enrichment RNA, or functional fragment or derivative thereof, is capable of enhancing inclusion of the gene-editing molecule mRNA, or functional fragment or derivative thereof, into a retroviral particle. The invention provides a method of producing the retroviral particles of the invention, the method comprising culturing a packaging cell in conditions sufficient for the production of a plurality of retroviral particles.

The invention concerns a method for determining the reaction of at least one bacterium of interest to its exposure to an antibiotic implementing a Raman spectroscopy analysis comprising the following steps: Having a biological sample that could contain said bacteria of interest, Preparing at least two fractions of said sample each comprising one or more living bacteria of interest, Capturing, in each fraction, at least one living bacterium of interest by using a binding partner, Exposing at least one of the fractions to at least one concentration of at least one given antibiotic, the other of the fractions being the control fraction, Submitting the bacterium/bacteria of interest contained in the fractions to an incident light and analyzing the resultant light obtained by Raman diffusion by the bacterium/bacteria of interest by Raman spectroscopy in order to obtain as many Raman spectra as bacteria, Treating said spectra in order to obtain a signature of the reaction of the or each bacterium/bacteria of interest to the exposure to said antibiotic and of the control, Comparing the signature obtained accordingly per bacterium of interest to a reference base defined under the same conditions as above, for different bacteria and at least said antibiotic, and Defining a sensitivity clinical profile of said bacterium of interest to said antibiotic.

The invention concerns a method for determining the reaction of at least one bacterium of interest to its exposure to an antibiotic implementing a Raman spectroscopy analysis comprising the following steps: Having a biological sample that could contain said bacteria of interest, Preparing at least two fractions of said sample each comprising one or more living bacteria of interest, Capturing, in each fraction, at least one living bacterium of interest by using a binding partner, Exposing at least one of the fractions to at least one concentration of at least one given antibiotic, the other of the fractions being the control fraction, Submitting the bacterium/bacteria of interest contained in the fractions to an incident light and analyzing the resultant light obtained by Raman diffusion by the bacterium/bacteria of interest by Raman spectroscopy in order to obtain as many Raman spectra as bacteria, Treating said spectra in order to obtain a signature of the reaction of the or each bacterium/bacteria of interest to the exposure to said antibiotic and of the control, Comparing the signature obtained accordingly per bacterium of interest to a reference base defined under the same conditions as above, for different bacteria and at least said antibiotic, and Defining a sensitivity clinical profile of said bacterium of interest to said antibiotic.