An object to modify the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase is provided. Also provided are a method of modifying the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase by using a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier, the modifier being a glucose analog and a low molecular weight compound, as well as a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce β-alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing β-alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or β-alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of β-alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce β-alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing β-alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or β-alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of β-alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an epitope having a sequence homology of at least 75% to a sequence section of both Clostridium difficile toxin A and B. Moreover, the present invention refers to a vaccine comprising such polypeptide. The invention further relates to an antibody binding to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B and to a method for isolating and/or detecting such antibody and to uses of the polypeptides and antibodies.

The present invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an epitope having a sequence homology of at least 75% to a sequence section of both Clostridium difficile toxin A and B. Moreover, the present invention refers to a vaccine comprising such polypeptide. The invention further relates to an antibody binding to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B and to a method for isolating and/or detecting such antibody and to uses of the polypeptides and antibodies.

Disclosed are microbeads for cell culture and a method of monitoring cell culture using the same. More particularly, each of the microbeads for cell culture according to an embodiment of the present invention include a core and a surface modification layer formed on a surface of the core. By using the method of monitoring cell culture with the microbeads for cell culture according to an embodiment of the present invention, cell culture may be carried out in highly scaled-up dimension and easily monitored.

The present invention provides a sewage treatment biological agent and a preparation method and application thereof. The sewage treatment biological agent according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an induced nucleus. The induced nucleus has good bioaffinity. A microbial flora can be attached to the induced nucleus to achieve rapid growth. As the microbial flora gathers and grows on the induced nucleus, the granulation is gradually achieved by the sewage treatment biological agent to facilitate the sewage treatment. The microbial flora grows on the induced nucleus, and the growth process of microbial flora is a covering growth process which starts from the induced nucleus and gradually expands outward and centers on the induced nucleus. During the growth of microbial flora, extracellular polymers are secreted, which can further promote the granulation process by the sewage treatment biological agent.

There is provided a method for producing a peptide-nucleic acid complex containing a peptide and a nucleic acid encoding the peptide. The method for producing a peptide-nucleic acid complex includes a step of preparing a nucleic acid to which a transpeptidase N-terminal substrate motif has been added, the nucleic acid containing a first coding sequence encoding a peptide, a second coding sequence encoding a transpeptidase, and a third coding sequence encoding a transpeptidase recognition motif; a step of synthesizing a chimeric protein containing a domain of the peptide, a domain of the transpeptidase, and the transpeptidase recognition motif, from the nucleic acid to which the transpeptidase N-terminal substrate motif has been added, using a cell-free protein synthesis system; and a step of forming the peptide-nucleic acid complex by means of the transpeptidase domain.

Provided herein are perfusion fluids for enzymatically cleaving A-antigens from a donor organ, and methods, uses, associated therewith. In particular, the perfusion fluids comprise two enzymes, GalNAcDeacetylase and Galactosaminidase and the fluids may further comprise a buffered extracellular solution and/or a crowing agent. Furthermore, the compositions described herein were found to have activity at temperatures and pH levels suitable for cell viability.

The present invention is directed to methods for inhibiting growth of bacteria and to nanometer scale surfaces having antibacterial properties.