In accordance with the present disclosure, exposure of a sample to one or more electric pulses via capacitive coupling is described. In certain embodiments, the sample may be a biological sample to be treated or modified using the pulsed electric fields. In certain embodiments, the electric pulses may be delivered to a load using capacitive coupling. In other embodiments, the electric pulses may be bipolar pulses.

A ruminant dietary supplement in the form of a pressed shelf-stable solid pill or bolus that effervesces when administered into the reticulum of a ruminant and releases calcium and dried active yeast.

There is provided a process for the separation of molecules from a suspension comprising cells at a concentration of at least 56×10.sup.6 cells/ml, comprising the steps of: a) providing magnetic particles having a specific interaction with said molecules to be separated, b) mixing the magnetic particles with the cell suspension containing the molecules, c) bringing the cell suspension in contact with a magnetic field provided by a magnetic separation device to collect the magnetic particles, d) decreasing or removing said magnetic field and collecting said magnetic particles carrying said molecules, and e) removing said molecules from said magnetic particles, to provide a concentrated fraction of said molecules, and/or provide partial or complete removal of impurities and cells from the fraction containing the molecules. Advantages include that the yield increases, the volume of the bioreactor and other equipment can be made smaller so that the process becomes more economical.

There is provided a process for the separation of molecules from a suspension comprising cells at a concentration of at least 56×10.sup.6 cells/ml, comprising the steps of: a) providing magnetic particles having a specific interaction with said molecules to be separated, b) mixing the magnetic particles with the cell suspension containing the molecules, c) bringing the cell suspension in contact with a magnetic field provided by a magnetic separation device to collect the magnetic particles, d) decreasing or removing said magnetic field and collecting said magnetic particles carrying said molecules, and e) removing said molecules from said magnetic particles, to provide a concentrated fraction of said molecules, and/or provide partial or complete removal of impurities and cells from the fraction containing the molecules. Advantages include that the yield increases, the volume of the bioreactor and other equipment can be made smaller so that the process becomes more economical.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for opening the external layer structure of cells using laser, wherein the short pulse laser excited from a laser diode is collimated via the optical lens and concentrated at a focus, a biological sample which is fixed on the focus or moves through the focus is treated with the concentrated short pulse laser, so that the cell membrane or cell wall of cells in the sample is broken.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for opening the external layer structure of cells using laser, wherein the short pulse laser excited from a laser diode is collimated via the optical lens and concentrated at a focus, a biological sample which is fixed on the focus or moves through the focus is treated with the concentrated short pulse laser, so that the cell membrane or cell wall of cells in the sample is broken.

Microparticles and nanoparticles made of various materials that are used in various configurations are disclosed. The particles may be perfluorocarbon droplets with a lipid coating. The particles may be used in an acoustic cell selection process. The droplets are highly acoustically responsive and can be retained against fluid flow by an acoustic field. Such particles can be used in the separation, segregation, differentiation, modification or filtration of a system.

Microparticles and nanoparticles made of various materials that are used in various configurations are disclosed. The particles may be perfluorocarbon droplets with a lipid coating. The particles may be used in an acoustic cell selection process. The droplets are highly acoustically responsive and can be retained against fluid flow by an acoustic field. Such particles can be used in the separation, segregation, differentiation, modification or filtration of a system.

The present invention belongs to the field of microbiology, and particularly relates to an application of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine in prevention and treatment of burn and scald complicated with bacterial infection. The burn and scald of the present invention include burns and scalds, and degree of the scalds includes I degree, superficial II degree, deep II degree, or III degree scalds. Site of the scalds includes skin, mucosa or other tissues. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat burn and scald complicated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by activating the specific immune response of the body. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine of the present invention can reduce the bacterial load in the immunized subject through the established immunization procedures, thereby providing a technical solution that can effectively prevent burn and scald complicated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which avoids the technical problems caused by the use of antibiotics such as poor effectiveness, difficulty in curing and proneness to drug resistance in the prior art to a certain degree.

The present disclosure relates to the generation of an activated platelet product in which one or more of the presence or absence of clots, the timing of clot formation (if present), and/or the mechanical strength of clots (if present) is controlled by the presence or concentration of calcium ions during the activation process. In certain embodiments, the calcium ion concentration is controlled in the presence of pulsed electric fields or a chemical activator (e.g., thrombin) as part of the activation process.