A method, apparatus, and system are provided for the printing and maturation of living tissue in an Earth-referenced reduced gravity environment such as that found on a spacecraft or on other celestial bodies. The printing may be three-dimensional structures. The printed structures may be manufactured from low viscosity biomaterials.

The present invention provides a method of preparing biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics or cellular compartment, comprising the following steps: 1), acquire biological cells from natural tissues or natural biological species; 2), culture the cells obtained in step 1) massively in an appropriate environment; 3), acquire the lysates of cells in step 2), and extracting the biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment through differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation or dual-phase extraction individually or a combination of two methods or a combination of three methods thereof. The membrane is a natural biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment, which can be used for package of active ingredients in various fields.

The invention is directed to a method for the in vitro production of arrangements of cell layers in which a first well (2.1) which is closed off from its environment except for a first inlet opening (4.1) and a first outlet opening (5.1) and which has as a first cell substrate (6.1) a first wall (2.1.1) and as a second cell substrate (6.2) an opposite, second wall (2.1.2) which is separated from the first wall (2.1.1) by a first gap, a free surface of a cell substrate (6.1, 6.2) to be colonized with cells is oriented orthogonal to the Earth's gravitational force, and cells (9) are adhered to the cell substrate (6.1, 6.2) to be colonized. The invention is further directed to a method of maintaining the biological functionalities of the cell layers and semi-finished products of a device for the in vitro production and culturing of cell layers and a method for the production of the device.

Provided is a method for efficiently culturing pluripotent stem cells with higher safety. The present invention relates to a method for culturing pluripotent stem cells, the method comprising culturing an isolated pluripotent stem cells in a pseudo-microgravity environment to proliferate the pluripotent stem cells while maintaining the pluripotent stem cells in an undifferentiated state, thereby forming and growing spheroids of the pluripotent stem cells; and a method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells by using the method.

A method, apparatus, and system are provided for the printing and maturation of living tissue in an Earth-referenced reduced gravity environment such as that found on a spacecraft or on other celestial bodies. The printing may be three-dimensional structures. The printed structures may be manufactured from low viscosity biomaterials.

The present invention relates to a novel bone graft and methods for producing said graft. Said bone graft can be used for surgical, plastic and/or cosmetic bone replacement for a patient in need thereof. The bone graft is made of a scaffold or matrix of sheet material having a 3-dimensional pattern of a continuous network of voids and/or indentations for enhancing new bone growth.

This invention relates to methods and compositions for detecting, identifying and treating glaucoma diseases. More particularly, this invention discloses compositions and methods for affecting intraocular pressure and increasing ocular outflows in glaucoma. Compositions and methods provided include purified and synthesized extracellular vesicle complexes from glaucoma ocular humor for use in methods and devices for detecting, characterizing and treating glaucoma diseases along with active agents. The presence of extracellular vesicle complexes in glaucoma can also be used as a biomarker.

The present invention provides methods for optimization of the harvest process by clarification of cell samples using centrifugation and depth filtration. The present invention provides methods for the determination of the optimal ratio of Q/ for the centrifugation step of a harvest process of a cell culture. The present invention provides methods for the determination of the number of particles and the size of the particles in the centrate of a centrifugation step of a harvest process of a cell culture by the use of imaging technology. The present invention provides methods for the scaling of the harvesting process from lab-bench scale to industrial scale.

A cell modification device, comprising a centrifugation chamber with at least one cell modifying surface with a normal vector having an angle of 135-45? to the rotational axis of the centrifugation chamber, wherein the centrifugation chamber comprises at least one input/output port and the cells to be modified are immobilized at the cell modifying surfaces by the rotation of the centrifugation chamber at 2 to 2000 g. In an embodiment, the device is used as a point-of-care and/or portable device. Further, the present disclosure describes software that, when executed by a processor, causes the device to perform the disclosed functions.

The object is to remove thrombocytes from apheresis blood. Mononuclear cells are prepared so as not to contain thrombocytes. The present invention provides a method for preparing mononuclear cells, which comprises (1) the step of mixing a non-cytotoxic and nonionic density-adjusting agent with apheresis blood to adjust density of plasma to be 1.066 to 1.078 g/ml, and (2) the step of centrifuging stratified layers including the following layers a and b to separate mononuclear cells:

a. a layer of a density gradient centrifugation medium for separation of mononuclear cells,

b. a layer of the density-adjusted apheresis blood layered under the layer a.