Provided herein are mRNA agent-loaded platelets, methods of preparing mRNA agent-loaded platelets, and methods of using mRNA agent-loaded platelets. In some embodiments, methods of loading mRNA agents into platelets include treating platelets with an mRNA agent, a transfection reagent, and a loading buffer that can include a salt, a base, a loading agent, and optionally at least one organic solvent.

The present invention provides stem cells loaded with bi-functional magnetic nanoparticles (nanoparticle-loaded stem cells (NLSC)) that both: a) heat in an alternating magnetic field (AMF); and b) provide MRI contrast enhancement for MR-guided hyperthermia. The nanoparticles in the NLSC are non-toxic, and do not alter stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the nanoparticles do however, become heated in an alternating magnetic field, enabling therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. Due to the fact that circulating stem cells home to tumors and metastasis, and participate in neovascularization of growing tumors, the NLSC of the present invention allows tracking of the tissue distribution of infused stem cells and selective heating of targeted tissues with AMF. NLSC can deliver hyperthermia to hypoxic areas in tumors for sensitization of those areas to subsequent treatment, thus delivering therapy to the most treatment-resistant tumor regions. The heating of diseased tissue either results in direct cell killing or makes the tumor more susceptible to radio- and/or chemotherapy. The targeted hyperthermia provided by the present invention has clinical potential because it is associated with fewer side effects, and can also be used in combination with conventional treatment modalities, significantly enhancing their effectiveness. The NLSC of the present invention can be used for MR image-guided hyperthermia in oncology, in stem cell research for cell tracking and heating, and for elimination of mis-injected stem cells.

The invention relates to a method for adjusting an apparatus for treatment using nuclear magnetic resonances. The chronotype of the user is determined. The apparatus is adjusted on the basis of this determination.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of osteoarthritis including cells or cell groups having a specific size or less, a kit for preparing a cell therapeutic agent, and a method for manufacturing a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis. Mixed cells, which are selected to a specific size or less as an active ingredient of the present invention, of transformed mammalian cells with TGF- and untransformed mammalian cells minimize aggregation between chondrocytes and have beneficial therapeutic effects. In addition, when administering the selected mixed cells having the specific size or less to a patient, patient compliance may be improved, and it is easy to manage quality in therapeutic agent manufacturing facilities or hospitals.

In the context of a stem cell-based therapy in which differentiated cells are derived from pluripotent stem cells, this application discloses approaches for eliminating residual pluripotent stem cells that may remain in a batch of differentiated progeny cells. This advantageously prevents the formation of teratoma tumors when the differentiated cells are eventually used for the therapy. This can be accomplished by exposing the batch of differentiated progeny cells and the residual pluripotent stem cells to an alternating electric field for a period of time. The frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field are such that the pluripotent stem cells die off as a result of exposure to the alternating electric fields, while the differentiated cells remain substantially unharmed. This results in a purified batch of differentiated progeny cells that is rendered safe for use in the stem cell-based therapy.

The present invention relates to blood-derived luterial and a method for isolating and culturing the same. The luterial according to the present invention is a cell or cell-like structure having the following characteristics: (1) it is present in body fluids, including blood, sperm, intestinal juices, saliva, and cellular fluids; (2) it shows a positive staining with Janus green B, Acridine Orange and Rhodamine 123 in an immunofluorescence test; (3) in an optimal environment (pH 7.2-7.4), it has the property of expressing the genes homologous to beta-proteobacteria and gamma-proteobacteria, and has a size of 30-800 nm; (4) in an acidic environment, it has the property of expressing not only the genes homologous to beta-proteobacteria and gamma-proteobacteria, but also eukaryote-derived genes (particularly Streptophyta gene), and grows to a size ranging from 400 nm or more to 2000 nm or more; (5) it is involved in ATP production under normal conditions; and (6) it differs from mitochondria, completely differs from exosomes, and has fusion characteristics corresponding to those of an intermediary between a prokaryote and an eukaryote.

A cancer vaccine technology is provided which knocks out expression of cell surface immune checkpoint proteins, to facilitate their processing by immune cells, and optionally by knocking-in the expression of cytokines to boost immune response. Non-replicating tumor cells lacking cell surface CD47 are highly effective immunizing agents against subcutaneous mouse melanoma. Whole-cell vaccines inhibited tumor growth, and immunophenotyping showed a dramatic increase in activated effector cell subsets and M1-type macrophages aided by a significant reduction in the tumor-associated macrophage and myeloid derived suppressor cell compartments. A remarkable downregulation of cell surface CD47 was observed in the tumors that did escape after vaccination with genetically modified cells, suggesting the intricate involvement of CD47 in a prophylactic situation. An effective vaccination strategy to increase tumor-specific immune response in solid tumors is provided to improve the outcome of cancer immunotherapy.

This disclosure provides nano-scale Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC), which deliver stimulatory signals to lymphocytes, including cytotoxic lymphocytes, for use as a powerful tool for immunotherapy.

The present invention relates to a method of inducing differentiation into a 3D dopaminergic midbrain organoid using a specific electromagnetic wave. It was specifically identified that the method makes it possible to remarkably improve production efficiency of a dopaminergic neuronal 3D-differentiated organoid, from which symptoms of Parkinson's disease can be effectively alleviated. Thus, it is anticipated that the present invention is capable of making a more fundamental approach and achieving targeted therapies in the treatment of a cranial nerve disease.

The present disclosure relates to luterial, which is a mitochondrial-like unidentified nano-sized particle derived from a body fluid, and to a method for isolating the same.