The present invention relates to the fields of molecular medicine and targeted delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents to cells outside the vascular system and into the parenchymal tissue of organs within the body. More specifically, the present invention relates to improved TfR-binding moieties capable of crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and capable of carrying and releasing cargo specifically targeted to the parenchymal tissue of the brain. The present invention relates to a transcytosis selection method to obtain VNARs against mammalian blood brain barrier (BBB) receptors using phage display libraries as well as against receptors found in other directional cell barrier systems like the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The VNARs may be used alone or as components in compositions or as conjugates that target the particular receptor transport systems for delivery of therapeutics or diagnostics to the brain (in the case of BBB receptors) or other tissues.

Provided herein are polypeptides comprising one or more non-native cysteine residues that form a disulfide bridge between non-native cysteines within the protein or between non-native cysteines of two monomers of the protein. Such modified human polypeptides are useful in treatment of genetic diseases via enzyme replacement therapy and/or gene therapy.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Methods and compositions for modulating a target genome are disclosed. The composition may comprise a first RNA encoding a polypeptide comprising a retrotransposase reverse transcriptase domain and a retrotransposase endonuclease domain. The composition may also comprise a second RNA comprising a sequence that binds the polypeptide and a heterologous object sequence. The composition may insert the sequence of the heterologous object sequence into a target DNA.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to one or more compositions that upregulate the production of one or more sequences of mRNA. The sequences of mRNA may encode for translation of a target biomolecule, thereby causing an increase in bioavailability of the target biomolecule within a subject that is administered the one or more compositions. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is a fusion protein with an Fc fragment, such as a toll-like receptor 3-Fc (TLR3-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is toll-like receptor 9-Fc (TLR9-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is deoxyribonuclease I-Fc (DNAse I-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is neural growth factor-Fc (NGF-Fc). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the target biomolecule is insulin-Fc.

Loss of B cell tolerance and generation of autoreactive anti-nuclear antibodies are hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis. Lupus nephritis is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation often initiated by the renal glomerular deposition of anti-nuclear immune complexes which trigger subsequent activation of complement, macrophages/monocytes and other innate inflammatory cells. The mechanism of anti-nuclear immunoglobulin accumulation and clearance in lupus nephritis pathogenesis remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that innate immune activation in the NZB/W F1 mouse model and in human lupus nephritis biopsies rapidly reduces DNase1 expression in renal cortex proximal tubular cells. To overcome the loss of endogenous DNase1, we treated lupus-prone mice with a hyperactive actin resistant variant of DNase1 with improved catalytic activity against nucleic acid-IgG immune complexes and acceptable in vivo pharmacokinetics. Hyperactive DNase1-Fc fusion protein ameliorates nephritis in a murine model of lupus nephritis and reduces immune complex deposition/complement fixation. Taken together, our data suggest that the loss of renal DNase1 through TLR signaling or other innate immune activation impairs clearance of autoreactive anti-nuclear immune complex deposits in the kidney to promote nephritis progression. Our findings provide a therapeutic rationale for using an engineered DNase1-Fc as a potential therapeutic approach in lupus nephritis.