Systems and methods for producing ammonia are described. In one embodiment, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are dissolved in a solution. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor and autotrophic diazotroph bacteria are also placed in the solution.

Systems and methods for producing ammonia are described. In one embodiment, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen are dissolved in a solution. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor and autotrophic diazotroph bacteria are also placed in the solution.

A genetically modified phototrophic cell for in-vivo production of hydrogen. The phototrophic cell has been genetically modified to the effect that a) at least one of the native photosystem I components has been deleted, b) the native hydrogenase has been deleted, and c) at least one fusion protein is expressed, comprising i. a hydrogenase or hydrogenase component and ii. at least one PSI component, with the proviso that the PSI is complemented by expression of the at least one fusion protein, and the hydrogenase component itself, or together with at least one further hydrogenase component expressibly introduced into the cell, has hydrogenase activity.

A genetically modified phototrophic cell for in-vivo production of hydrogen. The phototrophic cell has been genetically modified to the effect that a) at least one of the native photosystem I components has been deleted, b) the native hydrogenase has been deleted, and c) at least one fusion protein is expressed, comprising i. a hydrogenase or hydrogenase component and ii. at least one PSI component, with the proviso that the PSI is complemented by expression of the at least one fusion protein, and the hydrogenase component itself, or together with at least one further hydrogenase component expressibly introduced into the cell, has hydrogenase activity.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a mineral substance from a base comprising mineral matter, the method comprising obtaining the base comprising a predetermined quantity of the mineral matter synthesised by a living structure or a portion of the latter, characterised in that obtaining the base comprises providing the living structure and providing at least one lactic acid microorganism suitable for symbiosis with the living structure for the synthesis of the mineral matter of the mineral substance. The invention also relates to a mineralising composition comprising a living structure, a lactic acid microorganism, a nutritive substance; the mineral substance used in the method; and the use of a combination of a living structure and a lactic acid microorganism in symbiosis with each other as a mineralising agent in a self-regenerating material.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a mineral substance from a base comprising mineral matter, the method comprising obtaining the base comprising a predetermined quantity of the mineral matter synthesised by a living structure or a portion of the latter, characterised in that obtaining the base comprises providing the living structure and providing at least one lactic acid microorganism suitable for symbiosis with the living structure for the synthesis of the mineral matter of the mineral substance. The invention also relates to a mineralising composition comprising a living structure, a lactic acid microorganism, a nutritive substance; the mineral substance used in the method; and the use of a combination of a living structure and a lactic acid microorganism in symbiosis with each other as a mineralising agent in a self-regenerating material.

Provided is a method for the manufacture of a butyrate product by fermentation of a carbon source-containing fermentation feedstock with a Clostridia class bacterium which natively produces butyric acid while maintaining a pH of about 5 to 7, wherein ammonia is used for said maintaining pH and whereby a fermentation broth comprising ammonium butyrate, a biomass, and optionally a fermentation by-product is formed; separating said biomass from said fermentation broth to form separated biomass and a clarified fermentation broth, wherein said clarified fermentation broth comprises said ammonium butyrate and optionally said fermentation by-product; and adding to said clarified broth an additive selected from the group consisting of a mineral acid, a mineral base, a soluble calcium salt and combinations thereof, whereby said butyrate product is formed in said clarified broth. Further provided are feed ingredients, animal feeds and anti-icing agents comprising the composition, and uses thereof.

The invention is directed to a control method for a process to convert bisulphide to elemental sulphur in an aqueous solution comprising sulphide-oxidising bacteria wherein the process is controlled by applying a potential between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode or between the anode electrode and the reference electrode of an electrochemical cell resulting in a current between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, measuring a current as measured by an electrochemical cell and adapting the process in response to the measured current. The process to convert bisulphide may comprise the following steps: (a) contacting bisulphide with oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria in the aqueous solution and elemental sulphur, (b) oxidizing the reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria, (c) using the oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria obtained in step (b) in step (a) and (d) isolating elemental sulphur from the aqueous solution obtained in step (a) and/or step (b).

The invention is directed to a control method for a process to convert bisulphide to elemental sulphur in an aqueous solution comprising sulphide-oxidising bacteria wherein the process is controlled by applying a potential between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode or between the anode electrode and the reference electrode of an electrochemical cell resulting in a current between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, measuring a current as measured by an electrochemical cell and adapting the process in response to the measured current. The process to convert bisulphide may comprise the following steps: (a) contacting bisulphide with oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria in the aqueous solution and elemental sulphur, (b) oxidizing the reduced sulphide-oxidising bacteria, (c) using the oxidised sulphide-oxidising bacteria obtained in step (b) in step (a) and (d) isolating elemental sulphur from the aqueous solution obtained in step (a) and/or step (b).

A system and method for the production of microbial consortiums and by-product material is provided. A physical containment system comprising phase spaces arranged in a discrete order to favor specific biological reactions is also provided. Phase profiles and phase data sets include the pre-determined physical and biological parameters for the phase space transitions. Movement of material from one phase to the next is hydraulically balanced enabling working fluid to continuously move in a fixed direction and rate of flow. Continuous monitoring of phase profiles and phase data sets provide feedback to the system enabling alteration of the conditions in the system to control reactions therein.